Skip to main content
Log in

Model transformations for migrating legacy deployment models in the automotive industry

  • Special Section Paper
  • Published:
Software & Systems Modeling Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Many companies in the automotive industry have adopted model-driven development in their vehicle software development. As a major automotive company, General Motors (GM) has been using a custom-built, domain-specific modeling language, implemented as an internal proprietary metamodel, to meet the modeling needs in its control software development. Since AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture (AUTOSAR) has been developed as a standard to ease the process of integrating components provided by different suppliers and manufacturers, there has been a growing demand to migrate these GM-specific, legacy models to AUTOSAR models. Given that AUTOSAR defines its own metamodel for various system artifacts in automotive software development, we explore applying model transformations to address the challenges in migrating GM-specific, legacy models to their AUTOSAR equivalents. As a case study, we have built and validated a model transformation using the MDWorkbench tool, the Atlas Transformation Language, and the Metamodel Coverage Checker tool. This paper reports on the case study, makes observations based on our experience to assist in the development of similar types of transformations, and provides recommendations for further research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. The metamodel has been altered for reasons of confidentiality. However, the relevant aspects required for the purpose of this paper have all been preserved.

  2. The Rhapsody connector provided by MDWorkbench requires a combined license from both Sodius (providers of MDWorkbench) and IBM (providers of Rhapsody).

References

  1. Ali, S., Hemmati, H., Holt, N., Arisholm, E., Briand, L.: Model transformations as a strategy to automate model-based testing-A tool and industrial case studies. In: Simula Research Laboratory, Technical Report (2010–01). Citeseer (2010)

  2. Anastasakis, K., Bordbar, B., Küster, J.: Analysis of model transformations via alloy. In: Model-Driven Engineering, Verification and Validation (MoDeVVa), pp. 47–56 (2007)

  3. Andrews, A., France, R., Ghosh, S., Craig, G.: Test adequacy criteria for UML design models. Softw. Test. Verif. Reliab. 13, 95–127 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Anssi, S., Tucci-Piergiovanni, S., Kuntz, S., Gérard, S., Terrier, F.: Enabling scheduling analysis for AUTOSAR systems. In: International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC), pp. 152–159. IEEE (2011)

  5. Aranda, J., Damian, D., Borici, A.: Transition to model-driven engineering: what is revolutionary, what remains the same. In: Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS), pp. 692–708. Springer, Berlin (2012)

  6. AUTOSAR: AUTOSAR, http://AUTOSAR.org/ (2007)

  7. AUTOSAR.: AUTOSAR System Template, http://AUTOSAR.org/index.php?p=3&up=1&uup=3&uuup=3&uuuup=0&uuuuup=0/AUTOSAR_TPS_SystemTemplate.pdf (2007)

  8. Aziz, K.: Evaluating Model Transformation Technologies: An Exploratory Case Study. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Gothenburg, Gotheburg (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bauer, E., Küster, J.: Combining specification-based and code-based coverage for model transformation chains. In: Theory and Practice of Model Transformations, pp. 78–92 (2011)

  10. Bauer, E., Küster, J., Engels, G.: Test suite quality for model transformation chains. In: Objects, Models, Components, Patterns, pp. 3–19. Springer, Berlin (2011)

  11. Becker, B., Lambers, L., Dyck, J., Birth, S., Giese, H.: Iterative development of consistency-preserving rule-based refactorings. In: International Conference on Theory and Practice of Model Transformations (ICMT), pp. 123–137 (2011)

  12. Beydeda, S., Book, M., Gruhn, V.: Model-Driven Software Development, vol. 15. Springer, Berlin (2005)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Bézivin, J., Bruneliere, H., Jouault, F., Kurtev, I.: Model engineering support for tool interoperability. In: Workshop in Software Model Engineering (WiSME), vol. 2. Montego Bay, Jamaica (2005)

  14. Bézivin, J., Dupé, G., Jouault, F., Pitette, G., Rougui, J.E.: First experiments with the ATL model transformation language: transforming XSLT into XQuery. In: Workshop on Generative Techniques in the context of Model Driven Architecture (2003)

  15. Biehl, M., Törngren, M.: An executable design decision representation using model transformations. In: Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA), pp. 131–134. IEEE (2010)

  16. Blanc, X., Gervais, M., Sriplakich, P.: Model bus: towards the interoperability of modelling tools. In: Model Driven Architecture: Foundations and Applications (MDAFA), pp. 17–32 (2005)

  17. Boronat, A., Heckel, R., Meseguer, J.: Rewriting logic semantics and verification of model transformations. In: 12th International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering (FASE), York, UK, pp. 18–33. Springer, Berlin (2009)

  18. Bouhoula, A., Jouannaud, J., Meseguer, J.: Specification and proof in membership equational logic. In: Theoretical Computer Science: Trees in Algebra and Programming, vol. 236, pp. 35–132. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2000)

  19. Broy, M., Feilkas, M., Herrmannsdoerfer, M., Merenda, S., Ratiu, D.: Seamless model-based development: from isolated tools to integrated model engineering environments. In: Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 98, pp. 526–545. IEEE (2010)

  20. Brunelière, H., Cabot, J., Clasen, C., Jouault, F., Bézivin, J.: Towards model driven tool interoperability: bridging eclipse and microsoft modeling tools. In: European Conference on Modelling Foundations and Applications (ECMFA), vol. 6138, pp. 32–47. Paris, France (2010)

  21. Büttner, F., Egea, M., Cabot, J., Gogolla, M.: Verification of ATL transformations using transformation models and model finders. In: International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods (ICFEM) (2012)

  22. CESAR. http://www.cesarproject.eu/index.php?id=9

  23. Clavel, M., Durán, F., Eker, S., Lincoln, P., Martı-Oliet, N., Meseguer, J., Talcott, C.: All about Maude-A high-performance logical framework, how to specify, program and verify systems in rewriting logic. volume 4350 of LNCS, vol. 4, pp. 50-88. Springer, Berlin (2007)

  24. Claypool, K.T., Rundensteiner, E.A., Zhang, X., Hong, S., Kuno, H., Lee, W.-c., Mitchell, G.: Sangam-A solution to support multiple data models, their mappings and maintenance. In: ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, vol. 30, p. 606. ACM, New York (2001)

  25. Cottenier, T., Van Den Berg, A., Elrad, T.: The motorola WEAVR: model weaving in a large industrial context. In: Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD), vol. 32. Vancouver, Canada (2007)

  26. Daghsen, A., Chaaban, K., Saudrais, S., Leserf, P.: Applying holistic distributed scheduling to AUTOSAR methodology. In: Embedded Real-Time Software and Systems (ERTSS). Toulouse, France (2010)

  27. Doyle, D., Geers, H., Graaf, B., Van Deursen, A.: Migrating a domain-specific modeling infrastructure to MDA technology. In: International Workshop on Metamodels, Schemas, Grammars, and Ontologies for Reverse Engineering (ateM), Genoa, Italy (2006)

  28. Drago, M., Ghezzi, C., Mirandola, R.: Towards quality driven exploration of model transformation spaces. In: Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS), pp. 2–16. Wellington, New Zealand (2011)

  29. Eclipse. ATL Zoo, http://www.eclipse.org/m2m/atl/atltransformations/ (2012)

  30. Eclipse. Atlas Transformation Language—ATL, http://eclipse.org/atl/ (2012)

  31. Eclipse. Eclipse Modelling Framework (EMF), http://wiki.eclipse.org/emf (2012)

  32. Fleurey, F., Baudry, B., Muller, P., Traon, Y.: Qualifying input test data for model transformations. Softw. Syst. Model. (SoSym) 8, 185–203 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Fleurey, F., Breton, E., Baudry, B., Nicolas, A., Jézéquel, J.-M.: Model-driven engineering for software migration in a large industrial context. In: Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MoDELS), pp. 482–497. Springer, Berlin (2007)

  34. Fleurey, F., Steel, J., Baudry, B.: Validation in model-driven engineering: testing model transformations. In: Model, Design and Validation (MoDeVa), pp. 29–40. IEEE (2004)

  35. Gardner, T., Griffin, C., Koehler, J., Hauser, R.: A review of OMG MOF 2.0 query/views/transformations submissions and recommendations towards the final standard. In: MetaModelling for MDA, Workshop, pp. 178–197 (2003)

  36. Giese, H., Hildebrandt, S., Neumann, S.: Model synchronization at work: keeping SysML and AUTOSAR models consistent. In: Graph Transformations and Model-Driven Engineering, Vol. 5765, pp. 555–579. Springer, Berlin (2010)

  37. Gogolla, M., Vallecillo, A.: Tractable model transformation testing. In: European Conference on Modelling Foundations and Applications (ECMFA), pp. 221–235 (2011)

  38. Haschemi, S.: Model transformations to satisfy all-configurations-transitions on statecharts. In: Model-Driven Engineering, Verification and Validation (MODEVVA) (2009)

  39. Hausmann, J.H.: Metamodeling relations-relating metamodels. In: Metamodelling for MDA, pp. 147–161 (2003)

  40. Hemel, Z., Kats, L.C., Groenewegen, D.M., Visser, E.: Code generation by model transformation: a case study in transformation modularity. In: Software and Systems Modeling (SoSyM), vol. 9, pp. 375–402. Springer, Berlin (2010)

  41. IBM. IBM Rational Asset Manager (RAM) http://www-01.ibm.com/software/rational/products/ram/

  42. IBM. IBM Rational Rhapsody, http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/downloads/r/rhapsodydeveloper/

  43. iFEST. http://www.artemis-ifest.eu/home

  44. IRISA. Kermeta, http://www.kermeta.org/ (2012)

  45. IRISA. Metamodel Coverage Checker (MMCC). http://www.irisa.fr/triskell/Software/protos/MMCC (2012)

  46. Jouault, F., Allilaire, F., Bézivin, J., Kurtev, I.: ATL: A model transformation tool. In: Science of Computer Programming, vol. 72, pp. 31–39. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2008)

  47. Kent, S., Smith, R.: The bidirectional mapping problem. Electron. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 82(7), 151–165 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Kolovos, D., Paige, R., Polack, F.: A framework for composing modular and interoperable model management tasks. In: Model-Driven Tool and Process Integration Workshop (MDTPI), pp. 79–90. Berlin, Germany (2008)

  49. König, B., Kozioura, V.: Augur 2-A new version of a tool for the analysis of graph transformation systems. In: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS), vol. 211, pp 201–210. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2008)

  50. Küster, J., Abd-El-Razik, M.: Validation of model transformations-first experiences using a white box approach. In: Models in Software Engineering, pp. 193–204 (2007)

  51. Mandelin, D., Kimelman, D., Yellin, D.: A Bayesian approach to diagram matching with application to architectural models. In: International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), pp. 222–231. Shanghai, China (2006)

  52. Maskeri, G., Willans, J., Clark, T., Evans, A., Kent, S., Sammut, P.: A pattern based approach to defining translations between languages (2002)

  53. McQuillan, J., Power, J.: A Survey of UML-based coverage criteria for software testing. Technical Report, Department of Computer Science, NUI Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland (2005)

  54. Mens, T., Van Gorp, P.: A taxonomy of model transformation. In: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 152, pp. 125–142. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2006)

  55. Mohagheghi, P., Dehlen, V.: Where is the proof?: a review of experiences from applying MDE in industry. In: European Conference on Model Driven Architecture-Foundations and Applications (ECMDA-FA), pp. 432–443. Springer, Berlin (2008)

  56. Mottu, J., Baudry, B., Le Traon, Y.: Mutation analysis testing for model transformations. In: European Conference on Model Driven Architecture-Foundations and Applications (ECMDA-FA), pp. 376–390 (2006)

  57. Narayanan, A., Karsai, G.: Verifying model transformations by structural correspondence. In: Electronic Communications of the European Association of Software Science and Technology (EASST), Vol. 10 (2008)

  58. Nejati, S., Sabetzadeh, M., Chechik, M., Easterbrook, S., Zave, P.: Matching and merging of statecharts specifications. In: International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), pp. 54–64. Minneapolis, USA (2007)

  59. Offutt, J., Abdurazik, A.: Generating tests from UML specifications. In: The Unified Modeling Language (UML), pp. 416–429. Springer, Berlin (1999)

  60. OMG, O.: Meta Object Facility (MOF) Specification Version 1.4 (2002)

  61. Ostrand, T., Balcer, M.: The category-partition method for specifying and generating functional tests. Commun. ACM 31, 676–686 (1988)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Peterson, J.: Petri nets. In: ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), vol. 9, pp. 223–252. ACM, New York (1977)

  63. Pressman, R.S.: Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 7th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  64. Rivera, J., Guerra, E., de Lara, J., Vallecillo, A.: Analyzing rule-based behavioral semantics of visual modeling languages with Maude. In: Software Language Engineering (SLE), pp. 54–73 (2009)

  65. Rozenberg, G., Ehrig, H.: Handbook of Graph Grammars and Computing by Graph Transformation, vol. 1. World Scientific, Singapore (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  66. Salay, R., Wang, S., Suen, V.: Managing related models in vehicle control software development. In: Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MoDELS), pp. 383–398. Springer, Berlin (2012)

  67. Schätz, B., Holzl, F., Lundkvist, T.: Design-space exploration through constraint-based model-transformation. In: Engineering of Computer Based Systems (ECBS), pp. 173–182. Oxford, UK (2010)

  68. Selim, G., Cordy, J., Dingel, J.: Analysis of model transformations. In: Technical Report 2012-592, School of Computing, Queen’s University (2012)

  69. Selim, G., Cordy, J., Dingel, J.: Model transformation testing: the state of the art. In: Analysis of Model Transformations (AMT), Innsbruck, Austria (2012)

  70. Selim, G., Wang, S., Cordy, J., Dingel, J.: Model transformations for migrating legacy models: an industrial case study. In: European Conference on Modelling Foundations and Applications (ECMFA), pp. 90–101. Springer, Berlin (2012)

  71. Sodius. MDWorkbench, http://www.mdworkbench.com/ (2012)

  72. Soley, R., The OMG Staff: Model Driven Architecture. In OMG white paper, November (2000)

  73. Steinberg, D., Budinsky, F., Merks, E., Paternostro, M.: EMF: Eclipse Modeling Framework, Chapter 5: Ecore Modeling Concepts. Addison-Wesley, Reading (2008)

  74. Syriani, E.: Matters of model transformation. In: Technical Report, School of Computer Science, McGill University, SOCS-TR-2009.2, March (2009)

  75. Teppola, S., Parviainen, P., Takalo, J.: Challenges in deployment of model driven development. In: International Conference on Software Engineering Advances (ICSEA), pp. 15–20. Porto, Portugal (2009)

  76. Varró, D., Varró-Gyapay, S., Ehrig, H., Prange, U., Taentzer, G.: Termination analysis of model transformations by Petri Nets. In: International Conference on Graph Transformations (ICGT), pp. 260–274. Springer, Berlin (2006)

  77. Wu, Y., Chen, M., Offutt, J.: UML-based integration testing for component-based software. In: The International Conference on COTS-Based Software Systems (ICCBSS), pp. 251–260 (2003)

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work is supported in part by NSERC, as part of the NECSIS Automotive Partnership with General Motors, IBM Canada and Malina Software Corp.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gehan M. K. Selim.

Additional information

Communicated by Dr. Antonio Vallecillo and Dr. Juha-Pekka Tolvanen.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Selim, G.M.K., Wang, S., Cordy, J.R. et al. Model transformations for migrating legacy deployment models in the automotive industry. Softw Syst Model 14, 365–381 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-013-0365-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-013-0365-1

Keywords

Navigation