Abstract
To simulate the two-phase flow of conducting fluids, we propose a coupled model of the Cahn-Hilliard equations and the inductionless and incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. The model describes the dynamic behavior of conducting fluid under the influence of magnetic field. Based on the “invariant energy quadratization” method, we propose two fully discrete time-marching schemes which are linear, decoupled, unconditionally energy stable, and of second order. The well-posedness and energy stability of the discrete problems are proven. By extensive numerical experiments, we verify the second-order convergence of the numerical methods and demonstrate the capability of the coupled model for simulating two-phase flows.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdou, M.A., et al.: On the exploration of innovative concepts for fusion chamber technology fusion. Fusion Eng. Des. 54, 181–247 (2001)
Cahn, J.W., Hilliard, J.E.: Free energy of a nonuniform system. I. Interfacial free energy. J. Chem. Phys. 28, 258–267 (1958)
Chen, R., Ji, G., Yang, X., Zhang, H.: Decoupled energy stable schemes for phase field vesicle membrane model. J. Comput. Phys. 302, 509–523 (2015)
Chen, R., Yang, X., Zhang, H.: Second order, linear, and unconditionally energy stable schemes for a hydrodynamic model of smectic-A liquid crystals. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 39, A2808–A2833 (2017)
Chen, R., Yang, X., Zhang, H.: Decoupled, energy stable scheme for hydrodynamic Allen-Cahn phase field moving contact line model. J. Comput. Math. 36, 661–681 (2018)
Chen, W., Feng, W., Liu, Y., Wang, C., Wise, S.M.: A second order energy stable scheme for the Cahn-Hilliard-Hele-Shaw equations. Discrete Cont. Dyn. Sys. B 24. https://doi.org/10.3934/dcdsb.2018090 (2016)
Cyr, E.C., Shadid, J.N., Tuminaro, R.S., Pawlowski, R.P., Chacón, L.: A new approximate block fractorization preconditioner for two-dimensional incompressible (reduced) resistive MHD. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 35, B701–B730 (2013)
Feng, X.: Fully discrete finite element approximations of the Navier-Stokes-Cahn-Hilliard diffuse interface model for two-phase fluid flows. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 44, 1049–1072 (2006)
Grün, G.: On convergent schemes for diffuse interface models for two-phase flow of incompressible fluids with general mass densities. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 51, 3036–3061 (2013)
Guo, Z., Lin, P., Lowengrub, J.S.: A numerical method for the quasi-incompressible Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes equations for variable density flows with a discrete energy law. J. Comput. Phys. 276, 486–507 (2014)
Gerbeau, J.F., Le Bris, C., Leliévre, T.: Mathematical Methods for the Magnetohydrodynamics of Liquid Metals. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2006)
Gunzburger, M.D., Meir, A.J., Peterson, J.S.: On the existence, uniqueness, and finite element approximation of solutions of the equations of stationary incompressible magnetohydrodynamics. Math. Comp. 56, 523–563 (1991)
Han, D., Wang, X.: A second order in time, decoupled, unconditionally stable numerical scheme for the Cahn-Hilliard-Darcy system. J. Sci. Comput. 77, 1210–1233 (2018)
Hiptmair, R., Li, L., Mao, S., Zheng, W.: A fully divergence-free finite element method for magneto-hydrodynamic equations. Math. Mod. Meth. Appl. Sci. 24, 659–695 (2018)
Ingram, R.: A new linearly extrapolated Crank-Nicolson time-stepping scheme for the Navier-Stokes equations. Math. Comp. 82, 1953–1973 (2013)
van Kan, J.: A second-order accurate pressure-correction scheme for viscous incompressible flow. SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput. 7, 870–891 (1986)
Lee, H., Lowengrub, J.S., Goodman, J.: Modeling pinchoff and reconnection in a Hele-Shaw cell. II. Analysis and simulation in the nonlinear regime. Phys. Fluids. 14, 514–545 (2002)
Li, L., Zheng, W.: A robust solver for the finite element approximation of stationary incompressible MHD equations in 3D. J. Comput. Phys. 351, 254–270 (2017)
Li, X., Qiao, Z.H., Zhang, H.: An unconditionally energy stable finite difference scheme for a stochastic Cahn-Hilliard equation. Sci. China Math. 59, 1815–1834 (2016)
Li, X., Qiao, Z.H., Zhang, H.: A second-order convex-splitting scheme for the Cahn-Hilliard equation with variable interfacial parameters. J. Comput. Math. 35, 693–710 (2017)
Liu, C., Shen, J., Yang, X.: Decoupled energy stable schemes for a phase-field model of two-phase incompressible flows with variable density. J. Sci. Comput. 62, 601–622 (2014)
Ma, Y., Hu, K., Hu, X., Xu, J.: Robust preconditioners for incompressible MHD models. J. Comput. Phys. 316, 721–746 (2016)
Moreau, R.: Magnetohydrodynamics. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Boston (1990)
Ni, M.-J., Munipalli, R., Huang, P., Morley, N.B., Abdou, M.A.: A current density conservative scheme for incompressible MHD flows at a low magnetic Reynolds number. Part I. On a rectangular collocated grid system. J. Comp. Phys. 227, 174–204 (2007)
Ni, M.-J., Munipalli, R., Huang, P., Morley, N.B., Abdou, M.A.: A current density conservative scheme for incompressible MHD flows at a low magnetic Reynolds number. Part II: on an arbitrary collocated mesh. J. Comp. Phys. 227, 205–228 (2007)
Phillips, E.G., Elman, H.C., Cyr, E.C., Shadid, J.N., Pawlowski, R.P.: A block preconditioner for an exact penalty formulation for stationary MHD. SIAM J. Sci Comput. 36, B930–B951 (2014)
Phillips, E.G., Shadid, J.N., Cyr, E.C., Elman, H.C., Pawlowski, R.P.: Block preconditioners for stable mixed nodal and edge finite element representations of incompressible resistive MHD. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 38, B1009–B1031 (2016)
Planas, R., Badia, S., Codina, R.: Approximation of the inductionless MHD problem using a stabilized finite element method. J. Comput. Phys. 230, 2977–2996 (2011)
Prohl, A.: Convergent finite element discretizations of the nonstationary incompressible magnetohydrodynamics system. ESAIM Math. Model Num. Anal. 42, 1065–1087 (2008)
Qiao, Z.H., Tang, T., Xie, H.: Error analysis of a mixed finite element method for molecular beam epitaxy model. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 53, 184–205 (2015)
Schötzau, D.: Mixed finite element methods for stationary incompressible magneto Chydrodynamics. Numer. Math. 96, 771–800 (2004)
Shen, J.: On error estimates of the projection methods for the Navier-Stokes equations: second-order schemes. Math. Comp. 65, 1039–1065 (1996)
Shen, J., Yang, X.: Decoupled energy stable schemes for phase-field models of two-phase complex fluids. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 36, 122–145 (2014)
Shen, J., Yang, X.: Decoupled energy stable schemes for phase-field models of two-phase incompressible flows. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 53, 279–296 (2015)
Shen, J., Yang, X., Yu, H.: Efficient energy stable numerical schemes for a phase field moving contact line model. J. Comput. Phys. 284, 617–630 (2015)
Shen, J., Yang, X.F.: Numerical approximations of Allen-Cahn and Cahn-Hilliard equations. Discete Cont. Dyn. Sys.-A 28, 1669–1691 (2010)
Shen, J., Xu, J., Yang, J.: The scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) approach for gradient flows. J. Comput. Phys. 353, 407–416 (2018)
Shen, J., Xu, J.: Convergence and error analysis for the scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) scheme to gradient flows. SIAM J. Num. Anal. 56, 2895–2912 (2018)
Xu, Z., Zhang, H.: Stabilized semi-implicit numerical scheme for the Cahn-Hilliard with variable interfacial parameters. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 346, 307–322 (2019)
Xu, Z., Yang, X.F., Zhang, H., Xie, Z.Q.: Efficient and Linear Schemes for Anisotropic Cahn-Hilliard Equations Using the Stabilized Invariant Energy Quadratization (S-IEQ) Approach, Comm. Comput. Phys. Online Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2018.12.019 (2019)
Yang, X.: Linear, first and second-order, unconditionally energy stable numerical schemes for the phase field model of homopolymer blends. J. Comput. Phys. 327, 294–316 (2016)
Yang, X., Zhao, J., Wang, Q., Shen, J.: Numerical approximations for a three components Cahn-Hilliard phase-field model based on the invariant energy quadratization method. Math. Mod. Meth. Appl. Sci. 27, 1993–2030 (2017)
Zhang, J., Han, T.Y., Yang, J.C., Ni, M.J.: On the spreading of impacting drops under the influence of a vertical magnetic field. J. Fluid Mech. 809. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.725 (2016)
Zhang, J., Ni, M.J.: What happens to the vortex structures when the rising bubble transits from zigzag to spiral. J. Fluid Mech. 828, 353–373 (2017)
Zhang, J., Ni, M.J.: Direct numerical simulations of incompressible multiphase magnetohydrodynamics with phase change. J. Comput. Phys. 375, 717–746 (2018)
Funding
R. Chen is supported in part from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), grants 12001055 and 11971072. H. Zhang is supported in part by the grants NSFC-11471046 and 11571045.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by: Aihui Zhou
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, R., Zhang, H. Second-order energy stable schemes for the new model of the Cahn-Hilliard-MHD equations. Adv Comput Math 46, 79 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10444-020-09822-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10444-020-09822-x