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A one-shot bargaining strategy for dealing with multifarious opponents

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Abstract

Bargaining is an effective paradigm to solve the problem of resource allocation. The consideration of factors such as bounded rationality of negotiators, time constraints, incomplete information, and complexity of dynamic environment make the design of optimal strategy for one-shot bargaining much tougher than the situation that all bargainers are assumed to be absolutely rational. Lots of prediction-based strategies have been explored either based on assuming a finite number of models for opponents, or focusing on the prediction of opponent’s reserve price, deadline, or the probabilities of different behaviors. Following the methods of estimating opponent’s private information, this paper gives a strategy which improves the BLGAN strategy to adapt to various possible bargaining situations and deal with multifarious opponents. In addition, this paper compares the improved BLGAN strategy with related work. Experimental results show that the improved BLGAN strategy can outperform related ones when faced with various opponents, especially the agents who frequently change their strategies for anti-learning.

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Acknowledgement

This paper is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 71240003, 71303140, 61170079, 61202152), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2012FM003), the National key basic research and development plan (973) of China (No. 2012CB724106, No. ZR2013FM023) and the Shandong Provincial International Cooperation Program for Excellent Lectures of 2009.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China

    Shu-juan Ji

  2. Center of Modern Education, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China

    Chun-jin Zhang

  3. School of Computing, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4AG, UK

    Kwang-Mong Sim

  4. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China

    Ho-fung Leung

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  1. Shu-juan Ji
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  2. Chun-jin Zhang
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  3. Kwang-Mong Sim
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  4. Ho-fung Leung
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Correspondence to Chun-jin Zhang.

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Ji, Sj., Zhang, Cj., Sim, KM. et al. A one-shot bargaining strategy for dealing with multifarious opponents. Appl Intell 40, 557–574 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-013-0497-6

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