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A tool for automatic transcription of intonation: Eti_ToBI a ToBI transcriber for Spanish and Catalan

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Abstract

This article presents Eti_ToBI, a tool that automatically labels intonational events in Spanish and Catalan utterances according to the Sp_ToBI and Cat_ToBI current conventions. The system consists in a Praat script that assigns ToBI labels to pitch movements basing the assignments on lexical data introduced by the researcher and the acoustical data that it extracts from sound files. The first part of the article explains the methodological approach that has made possible the automatisation and describes the algorithms used by the script to perform the analysis. The second part presents the reliability results for both Catalan and Spanish corpora showing a level of agreement equal to the one shown by human transcribers among them in the literature.

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Notes

  1. Despite having the same number, the deep pitch accents for Catalan and Spanish differ. The tritonal accent L + H* + L never appears in Catalan, meanwhile ¡H + L* does not in Spanish.

  2. The tritonal pitch accent L + H* + L has been attested in Argentinian Spanish.

  3. Despite being theoretically universal, the script is optimised for the recognition of the movements of Spanish and Catalan systems since the alignment of pitch target varies from language to language.

  4. In order to accomplish the objective of labelling the perceivable F0 movements, we follow the convention of a threshold of 1.5 semitones for a movement to be considered significant. The 1.5 semitones threshold has proved as the effective operative threshold for the perception of intonation for Spanish (Pamies et al. 2002) and also to other intonational languages (Rietveld and Gussenhoven 1985). The 1.5 threshold is also adopted in Roseano and Fernández Planas (2013).

  5. In the case that the pitch accent is not the first in the IP, and it has been a high target before, the script will label that accent as high if there has not been declination (i.e., a falling greater than 1,5 semitones) since the last target.

  6. The label will be L* + H if the researcher has specified in the form that he/she does not want that label in the transcription.

  7. The 6 semitone threshold has been recently suggested for Spanish and Catalan basing on the perception of phonological contrasts between a high and an extra high levels (Borràs-Comes et al. 2014; Vanrell 2011).

  8. The boundary tone L¡H % is not included in current ToBI systems. However, the script is able to contrast between two nuclear configurations only by having this label. The extrahigh tone contrasts in the script with a LH % that has been usually identified with LM % (Vanrell 2011). Of course, in the standardized tier L + H* LH % becomes L + H* L!H % and L + H* L¡H % becomes L + H* LH % as the conventions state.

  9. The script gives the possibility, in the initial form, to choose if the tritonal accent of Argentinian Spanish has to be used in the second tier or not.

  10. Declination is pitch natural tendency to decline from the beginning of an intonational phrase to the end.

  11. This conversion from the first tier H + L* to the second L* (Fig. 2) is possible in Spanish and Catalan because real H + L* tones consist of a fall within the accented syllable (Estebas-Vilaplana and Prieto 2010; Prieto 2014). For the script, this implies that a phonological H + L* must have a fall greater than 1.5 semitones within the start point and the end point of the stressed syllable.

  12. In Spanish and Catalan intonational phonology the mid-level is not very productive, actually, it is reduced to the transcription of nuclear configurations of the vocative chant (L + H* !H %) and the emphatic obviousness statement (L + H* L!H %). These configurations have specific durations, and, in the case of the vocative chant, many other characteristics that make it recognisable (Ladd 2008: 135), that made that some other parameters such as duration were included in order to help to recognise the contours.

  13. A recent work proves that they are phonologically different but the change has not been integrated yet (Roseano, Fernández Planas, Elvira-García, and Martínez Celdrán 2015).

  14. Algherese Catalan has a H* + L L % nuclear configuration.

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Acknowledgments

This work has been funded by a grant awarded by the Spanish government FFI2012-35998 for the AMPER-CAT project and the predoctoral grant APIF-2012 of the University of Barcelona.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratori of Phonetics, Universitat de Barcelona, Edifici Josep Carner, 5e pis, Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 585, 08007, Barcelona, Spain

    Wendy Elvira-García, Ana María Fernández-Planas & Eugenio Martínez-Celdrán

  2. Department of General Linguistics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Wendy Elvira-García

  3. Department of Spanish, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Paolo Roseano

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Correspondence to Wendy Elvira-García.

Appendix

Appendix

See Figs. 9, 10 and 11.

Fig. 9
figure 9

Prenuclear pitch accents detected by the script in the first tier (left) and its equivalencies in the second tier (right). When two choices are given in the second column it indicates that both transcriptions are possible depending on what options and language the researcher has chosen in the form of the script

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Fig. 10
figure 10

Schematic representation and labelling of the possible nuclear pitch accents detectable by the script and its equivalence in the second tier

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Fig. 11
figure 11

Schematic representation and labelling of the possible boundary tones detectable by the script and its equivalence in the second tier

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Elvira-García, W., Roseano, P., Fernández-Planas, A.M. et al. A tool for automatic transcription of intonation: Eti_ToBI a ToBI transcriber for Spanish and Catalan. Lang Resources & Evaluation 50, 767–792 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-015-9320-9

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