Abstract
We present a technique that controls the peak power consumption of a high-density server by implementing a feedback controller that uses precise, system-level power measurement to periodically select the highest performance state while keeping the system within a fixed power constraint. A control theoretic methodology is applied to systematically design this control loop with analytic assurances of system stability and controller performance, despite unpredictable workloads and running environments. In a real server we are able to control power over a 1 second period to within 1 W and over an 8 second period to within 0.1 W.
Conventional servers respond to power supply constraint situations by using simple open-loop policies to set a safe performance level in order to limit peak power consumption. We show that closed-loop control can provide higher performance under these conditions and implement this technique on an IBM BladeCenter HS20 server. Experimental results demonstrate that closed-loop control provides up to 82% higher application performance compared to open-loop control and up to 17% higher performance compared to a widely used ad-hoc technique.
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Lefurgy, C., Wang, X. & Ware, M. Power capping: a prelude to power shifting. Cluster Comput 11, 183–195 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-007-0045-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-007-0045-4