Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

A computer card game for the learning of basic aspects of the binary system in primary education: Design and pilot evaluation

  • Published:
Education and Information Technologies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents the design, features and pilot evaluation study of a computer card game for the learning of basic aspects of the binary system (BS) by primary level education pupils. This design was based on modern social and constructivist theories of learning, in combination with basic game design principles. Pupils are asked to play against the computer with cards featuring Binary Numbers (BNs). To engage successfully with the game, pupils are provided with opportunities to review their previous knowledge of the decimal system and, subsequently, to use analogical reasoning to make connections between this knowledge and basic aspects of the BS. Several scaffolding elements are also provided for the pupils to construct, verify, extend and generalize their knowledge, at the same time using essential learning competencies. The game was piloted in the field using real pupils (20 6th Grade pupils) with encouraging results. Finally, an attempt has been made to address essential points of this game that have contributed to its becoming a successful learning environment. Addressing these points could be useful for both designers of educational computer games for Computer Science (CS) education and educators in Computing.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Italics are used in this section to highlight the key aspects considered appropriate for the design and implementation of the game described in this paper

  2. The italics used in this sub-section highlight these issues

References

  • Association for Computing Machinery. (2003). A model curriculum for K-12 computer science: Final report of the ACM K-12 Task Force Curriculum Committee, http://www1.acm.org/education/k12/k1final1022.pdf

  • Baker, A., Navarro, E. O., & Van Der Hoek, A. (2005). An experimental card game for teaching software engineering processes. Journal of Systems and Software, 75, 3–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bell, T., Witten, I., & Fellows, M. (2002). Computer science unplugged, http://www.unplugged.canterbury.az.nz

  • Bright, G. W., & Harvey, J. G. (1984). Computer games as instructional tools. Computers in the Schools, 13, 73–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carrington, D., Baker, A., & van der Hoek, A. (2005). It’s all in the Game: Teaching software process concepts. In Proceedings 35th Annual Conference Frontiers in Education, FIE, pp. F4G-13–F4G-18.

  • Chang, W.-C., Chen, Y.-L., & Lee, T.-P. (2008). Computer assisted learning with card game in system design concept. In E. W. C. Leung et al. (Eds.), Advances in blended learning, 2008, LNCS, 5328 (pp. 93–101). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, L., & Manion, L. (1989). Research methods in education. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, C. (1982). The art of computer game design, available as a free download from a site maintained by Washington State University at www.vancouver.wsu.edu/fac/peabody/game-book/Coverpage.html Accessed 10/02/ 2010.

  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeVries, R. (2004). What Is Constructivist about Constructivist Education? The Constructivist, Vol. 15, No. 1.

  • Fisch, M. S. (2005). Making educational computer games educational. Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Interaction, design and children, Boulder, Colorado, pp. 56–61.

  • Fabricatore, C. (2000). Learning and videogames: an unexploited synergy. At http://www.learndev.org/dl/FabricatoreAECT2000.PDF, accessed 10/02/ 2010.

  • Facer, K. (2003). Computer games and learning. http://www.futurelab.org.uk/resources/documents/discussion_papers/Computer_Games_and_Learning_discpaper.pdf [last access: 10/02/2010].

  • Gardinger, A. (1987). Discovering mathematics: The art of investigation. NY: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hays, R. T. (2005). The effectiveness of instructional games: a literature review and discussion. Storming Media, pp 1–63.

  • Jonassen, D. Η. (1999). Designing constructivist learning environments. Instructional design theories and models, 2, 215–239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kafai, B. (2001). The educational potential of electronic games: From games-to-teach to games-to-learn. Playing by the rules. Cultural policy centre, university of Chicago. Retrieved February 10, 2010 from http://culturalpolicy.uchicago.edu/conf2001/papers/kafai.html

  • Kamii, C., & DeVries, R. (1980). Group games in early education: Implications of Piaget’s theory. Washington: National Association for the Education of Young Children.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kickmeier-Rust, M. D., Peirce, N., Conlan, O., Schwarz, D., Verpoorten, D., & Dietrich, A. (2007). Immersive digital games: the interfaces for next-generation E-learning? LNCS, 4556/2007, 647–656.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, S. B., Choi, S. K., Jang, H. S., Kwon, D. Y., Yeum, Y. C., & Lee, W.G. (2006). Smalltalk card game for learning object-oriented thinking in an evolutionary way. In OOPSLA, Portland, Oregon, USA, pp. 683–684.

  • Kirriemuir, J. (2002). Video gaming, education and digital learning technologies. D-Lib Magazine, 8(2).

  • Kirriemuir, J., & McFarlane, C.A. (2004). REPORT 8: Literature Review in Games & Learning. http://www.futurelab.org.uk/research/reviews/08_16.htm

  • Land, S. M., & Hannafin, M. J. (2000). Student-centered learning environments. In D. H. Jonassen & S. M. Land (Eds.), Theoretical foundations of learning environments (pp. 1–23). NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • McFarlane, A., & Sakellariou, S. (2002). The role of ICT in science education. Cambridge Journal of Education, 32(2), 219–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McFarlane, A., Sparrowhawk, A., & Heald, Y. (2002). Report on the educational use of games, TEEM: www.teem.org.uk/

  • McGraw, I., Yoshimoto, B., & Seneff, S. (2009). Speech-enabled card games for incidental vocabulary acquisition in a foreign language. Speech Communication, 51, 1006–1023.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitsuhara, H., Ogata, H., Kanenishi, K., & Yano, Y. (2007). Do children understand BNs by electric card game?. Proceedings of DIGITEL 2007: First IEEE International Workshop on Digital Game and Intelligent Toy Enhanced Learning 2007, pp. 191–193.

  • National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (2000–2004). Communicating about mathematics using games: Playing fraction track. Retrieved on February 10, 2010, from http://standards.nctm.org/document/eexamples/index.htm

  • Oblinger, D. (2004). The next generation of educational engagement. Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 2004(8), 1–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Panselinas, G., & Komis, V. (2009). Scaffolding’ through talk in groupwork learning. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 4, 86–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papastergiou, M. (2009). Digital game-based learning in high-school computer science education: impact on educational effectiveness and student motivation. Computers and Education, 52(1), 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papastergiou, M., & Solomonidou, C. (2005). Gender and information and communications technology: Greek high school students’ favourite internet activities. Computers and Education, 44(4), 377–393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pohl, M., Rester, M., & Judmaier, P. (2009). Interactive Game Based Learning: Advantages and Disadvantages. In C. Stephanidis (Ed.), Universal Access in HCI, Part III, HCII 2009, LNCS 5616, pp. 92–101.

  • Prensky, M. (2001). Digital game-based learning. New York: Mc Graw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Proulx, V. K. (1993). Computer science in elementary and secondary schools. Proceedings of the IFIP TC3/WG3.1/WG3.5 Open Conference on Informatics and Changes in Learning, pp. 95–101

  • Rajaravivarma, R. (2005). A games-based approach for teaching the introductory programming course. Inroads ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, 37(4), 98–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Randel, J., Morris, B., Wetzel, C., & Whitehill, B. (1992). The effectiveness of games for educational purposes: a review of recent research. Simulation and Gaming, 23(3), 261–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sikiniotis, S., Kapros, H., & Kordaki, M. (2008). A Computer Game for the Learning of Binary System by Beginners. Proceedings of IADIS International Conference “e-Learning 2008”, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 22 - 25 July 2008, Vol. 1, pp. 29–36.

  • Smith, D. R., & Muhro, E. (2009). Educational card games. Physics Education, 44(5), 479–483.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tennyson, R. D., & Jorczak, R. L. (2008). A conceptual framework for the empirical study of instructional games. In: Computer games and team and individual learning, (pp. 3–20). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

  • Van Eck, R. (2006). Digital game-based learning: It's not just the digital natives who are restless. Educause Review, 41, 16–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vygotsky, L. (1974). Mind in society. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

Many thanks to Mr Stefanos Sikiniotis, Harry Capros and John Panagoulakos, for their assistance in implementing the game presented in this paper. Many thanks also to Professor Marina Papastergiou and to the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maria Kordaki.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kordaki, M. A computer card game for the learning of basic aspects of the binary system in primary education: Design and pilot evaluation. Educ Inf Technol 16, 395–421 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-010-9136-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-010-9136-6

Keywords

Navigation