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Electromagnetic Spectrum Contribution in Astronomy, Health, Atmospheric, Geology and Environment Applications

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Abstract

Spectrum technologies are shaping the way our world connects, communicates, and functions. Radio nodes connect through a nearly ubiquitous wireless mesh of other nodes, access points, satellites, and base stations to support an ever-expanding panorama of applications, spanning communication, autonomous navigation and transportation, radar-based geo-sciences, soil-sciences, renewable energy, space surveillance, environment and healthcare, smart buildings and grids, precision agriculture, consumer and industrial Internet-of-Things (IoT), and other elements of the emerging smart world. This paper offers an overview on the impact of the current and future diverse applications on the radio spectrum. Specific applications to be addressed include astronomy, health, atmospheric, geosciences, and wildfire monitoring. These applications along with many other emerging applications highlight the critical need of implementation of Intelligent Radios and dynamic spectrum access techniques that enable efficient spectrum management.

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Fig. 1

source is the cosmic microwave background. Other sources are the interstellar medium within the Milky Way, which emits radiation through synchrotron and free-free emission (labeled ‘Galactic Synchrotron’ and ‘free-free’, respectively) at low frequencies, and emission of dust grains at high frequencies that has two components, a thermal emission component at high frequency (labeled ‘Galactic Dust (thermal)’) and a much lower intensity component peaking near 20 GHz (labeled ‘Galactic Dust (spinning)). Frequencies of some of the main atomic and molecular Milky Way emission lines are shown with small magenta vertical bars (labeled ‘H-21 cm’ for the 21 cm hydrogen line, and ‘CO rotational lines’ for transitions of the CO molecule); their vertical position is arbitrary. Similar emission processes in distant galaxies contribute a background of integrated emission from radio (labeled ‘Radio Galaxies’) and infrared dusty galaxies (labeled ‘Dust Galaxies’), the latter also known as the cosmic infrared background. Zodiacal emission arises from the thermal emission by interplanetary particles in the solar system. The integrated emissions from extragalactic carbon monoxide (CO) rotational lines and ionized carbon and nitrogen transitions, shown in purple, are a sub-dominant part of the continuum extragalactic emission in this frequency range

Fig. 2

adopted from The Planck Collaboration: Y. Akramy, et al. [7]

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Notes

  1. Other organizations such as IEEE and NATO have other designations for this spectral range.

  2. Another review giving a different perspective is provided by a publication of the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine [8].

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Acknowledgements

This work has been partially supported by the NSF SII-2037782. The work of Fatemeh Afghah is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, United States of America under award number FA9550-20-1-0090 and the National Science Foundation, United States of America under Grants Number CNS-2034218 and CNS-2039026. Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA

    Seyed Zekavat

  2. Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA

    Fatemeh Afghah

  3. Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA

    Roohollah Askari

  4. CNRS, Université de Paris and Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    Jacques Delabrouille

  5. Michigan Tech Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Nancy French

  6. University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA

    Jason C. Furtado

  7. University of Minnesota/Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Shaul Hanany

  8. University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA

    Victor Lubecke

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  1. Seyed Zekavat
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Zekavat, S., Afghah, F., Askari, R. et al. Electromagnetic Spectrum Contribution in Astronomy, Health, Atmospheric, Geology and Environment Applications. Int J Wireless Inf Networks 29, 281–302 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10776-022-00558-7

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