Abstract
This paper focuses on the control system for an autonomous robot for the surveillance of indoor environments. Our approach proposes a matrix-based formalism which allows us to merge in a single framework discrete-event supervisory control, conflict resolution and reactive control. As a consequence, the robot is able to autonomously handle high level tasks as well as low-level behaviors, solving control and decision-making issues simultaneously. Moreover, the matrix-based controller is modular and can be easily reconfigured if mission characteristics or robot hardware configuration change. An illustrative example and a report on experimental investigations are provided to illustrate the main features of the proposed approach.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hu, W., Tan, T., Wang, L., Maybank, S.: A survey on visual surveillance of object motion and behaviors. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C Appl. Rev. 34(3), 334–352 (2004)
Valera, M., Velastin, S.A.: Intelligent distributed surveillance systems: a review. IEE Proc. Vis. Image Signal Process. 152(2), 192–204 (2005)
Everett, H.R.: Robotic security systems. IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. 6(4), 30–34 (2003)
DehuaI, Z., Gang, X., Jinming, Z., Li, L.: Development of a mobile platform for security robot. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics, pp. 1262–1267 (2007)
Burgard, W., Moors, M., Fox, D., Reid, S., Thrun, S.: Collaborative multi-robot exploration. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 852–858 (2000)
Kwok, K.S., Driessen, B.J., Phillips, C.A., Tovey, C.A.: Analyzing the multiple-target-multiple-agent scenario using optimal assignment algorithms. J. Intell. Robot. Syst. 35(1), 111–122 (2002)
Grace, J., Baillieul, J.: Stochastic strategies for autonomous robotic surveillance. In: Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, pp. 2200–2205 (2005)
Roman-Ballesteros, I., Pfeiffer, C.F.A.: Framework for cooperative multi-robot surveillance tasks. In: Proceedings of Electronics, Robotics and Automotive Mechanics Conference, vol. 2, pp. 163–170 (2006)
Vig, L., Adams, J.A.: Coalition formation: from software agents to robots. J. Intell. Robot. Syst. 50(1), 85–118 (2007)
Mireles, J., Lewis, F.: Deadlock analysis and routing on free-choice multipart reentrant flow lines using a matrix-based discrete event controller. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Decision and Control, vol. 1, pp. 793–798 (2002)
Mireles, J., Lewis, F.: Intelligent material handling: development and implementation of a matrix-based discrete event controller. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 48(6), 1087–1097 (2001)
Volpe, R., Nesnas, I., Estlin, T., Mutz, D., Petras, R., Das, H.: The CLARAty architecture for robotic autonomy. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, Montana (2001)
Mes, M., van der Heijden, M., van Hillegersberg, J.: Design choices for agent-based control of AGVs in the dough making process. Decis. Support Syst. 44(4), 983–999 (2008)
Tacconi, D., Lewis, F.: A new matrix model for discrete event systems: application to simulation. IEEE Control Syst. Mag. 17(5), 62–71 (1997)
Bogdan, S., Lewis, F.L., Kovacic, Z., Mireles, J.J.: Manufacturing Systems Control Design: A Matrix based Approach. Springer (2006)
Giordano, V., Zhang, J.B., Naso, D., Lewis, F.: Integrated supervisory and operational control of a warehouse with a matrix-based approach. IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng. 5(1), 53–70 (2008)
Koutsoukos, X.D., Antsaklis, P.J., Stiver, J.A., Lemmon, M.D.: Supervisory control of hybrid systems. Proc. IEEE 88(7), 1026–1049 (2000)
Fierro, R., Lewis, F.L.: A framework for hybrid control design. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part A 27(6), 765–773 (1997)
Huq, R., Mann, G.K.I., Gosine, R.G. : Behavior-modulation technique in mobile robotics using fuzzy discrete event system. IEEE Trans. Robot. 22(5), 903–916 (2006)
Ji, M., Sarkar, N.: Supervisory fault adaptive control of a mobile robot and its application in sensor-fault accommodation. IEEE Trans. Robot. 23(1), 174–178 (2007)
Brink, K., Olsson, M., Bolmsj, G.: Increased autonomy in industrial robotic systems: a framework. J. Intell. Robot. Syst. 19(4), 357–373 (1997)
Chen, Y.L., Ling F.: Modeling of discrete event systems using finite state machines with parameters. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Control Applications, Anchorage, Alaska (2000)
Ma, L., Hasegawa, K., Sugisawa, M., Takahashi, K., Miyagi, P.E., Santos Filho, D.J.: On resource arc for petri net modelling of complex resource sharing system. J. Intell. Robot. Syst. 26(3), 423–437 (1999)
Holloway, L.E., Krogh, B.H., Giua, A.: A survey of petri net methods for controlled discrete event systems. Discret. Event Dyn. Syst. Theory Appl. 7(2), 151–190 (1997)
Georgilakis, P.S., Katsigiannis, J.A., Valavanis, K.P., Souflaris, A.T.: A systematic stochastic petri net based methodology for transformer fault diagnosis and repair actions. J. Intell. Robot. Syst. 45(2), 181–201 (2006)
Li, Y., Wonham, W.M.: Control of vector discrete-event systems I - the base model. IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr. 38(8), 1214–1227 (1993)
Li, Y., Wonham, W.M.: Control of vector discrete-event systems II - controller synthesis. IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr. 39(3), 512–513 (1994)
Giordano, V., Ballal, P., Lewis, F., Turchiano, B., Zhang, J.B.: Supervisory control of mobile sensor networks: math formulation, simulation, and implementation. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B Cybern. 36(4), 806–819 (2006)
Schiraldi, V., Giordano, V., Naso, D., Turchiano, B., Lewis, F.: Matrix-based scheduling and control of a mobile sensor network. In: 17th IFAC World Congress, pp. 10415–10420 (2008)
Nicolescu, M.N., Mataric, M.J.: A hierarchical architecture for behavior-based robots. In: Proceedings of First International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, Italy (2002)
Gat, E.: Three-layer architectures. In: Kortenkamp, D., Bonasso, R.P., Murphy, R. (eds.) Artificial Intelligence and Mobile Robots, pp. 195–210. AAAI, Menlo Park (1998)
Connell, J.: SSS: a hybrid architecture applied to robot navigation. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (1992)
Arkin, R.C., Balch, T.R.: Aura: principles and practice in review. J. Exp. Theor. Artif. Intell. 9, 175–189 (1997)
Brooks, R.A.: Intelligence without representation. Artif. Intell. 47, 139–159 (1991)
Payton, D.W., Keirsey, D., Kimble, D.M., Krozel, J., Rosenblatt, J.K.: Do whatever works: a robust approach to fault-tolerant autonomous control. Appl. Intell. 2(3), 225–250 (1992)
Cupertino, F., Giordano, V., Naso, D., Delfine, L.: Fuzzy control of a mobile robot using a matlab-based rapid prototyping system. IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag. 13(4), 74–81 (2006)
Côté, C., Brosseau, Y., Létourneau, D., Raïevsky C., Michaud, F.: Robotic software integration using MARIE. Int. J. Adv. Robot. Syst. 3(1), 55–60 (2006)
Montemerlo, M., Roy, N., Thrun, S.: Perspectives on standardization in mobile robot programming: the carnegie mellon navigation (CARMEN) toolkit. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), vol. 3, pp.2436–2441 (2003)
Di Paola, D., Milella, A., Cicirelli, G., Distante, A.: Robust vision-based monitoring of indoor environments by an autonomous mobile robot. In: Proceedings of ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (2007)
Marotta, C., Milella, A., Cicirelli, G., Distante, A.: Using a 2D laser rangefinder for environment monitoring by an autonomous mobile robot. In: Proceedings of ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition (2007)
Milella, A., Vanadia, P., Cicirelli, G., Distante, A.: RFID-based environment mapping for autonomous mobile robot applications. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (2007)
Milella, A., Dimiccoli, C., Cicirelli, G., Distante, A.: Laser-based people-following for human-augmented mapping of indoor environments. In: Proceedings of the 25th IASTED International Multi-Conference, pp. 151–155. (2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Di Paola, D., Naso, D., Turchiano, B. et al. Matrix-Based Discrete Event Control for Surveillance Mobile Robotics. J Intell Robot Syst 56, 513 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-009-9326-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-009-9326-x