Abstract
Elements of Formal Semantics (EFS) has already been reviewed twice (Rett in Glossa 1(1):42, 2016; Erlewine in Comput Linguist 42(4):837–839, 2017). As well, the website for the work is accompanied by evaluative quotes by noted scholars. All are very positive concerning its clarity and its utility as an introduction to formal semantics for natural language. As I agree with these evaluations my interest in reiterating them in slightly different words is limited. So my reviews of the content chapters will be accompanied by a Reflections section consisting of my own reflections on the foundations of model theoretic semantics for natural language as laid out in EFS. The issues I address—alternate ways of accomplishing the tasks Winter treats—should not be included in an introductory work but they may be helpful for those who teach classes for which EFS is an appropriate text. They might also help with queries about the content of the text by those using it. I note that a mark of a clear text is that it allows the reader to reflect on its content not its presentation.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
There is some discussion in the literature about the origin of “currying”. It is named for the logician Haskell B. Curry (1930), who built (explicitly) on the somewhat earlier work of Moses Schoenfinkel (1924). And Hindley and Seldin (2008) note that the core idea (but not the explicit formalization) is already present in Frege (1893). I give all references here.
References
Barwise, J., & Cooper, R. (1981). Generalized quantifiers in natural language. Linguistics and Philosophy, 4, 159–219.
Curry, H. B. (1930). Grundlagen der Kombinatorischen Logik. American Journal of Mathematics, 52(3), 509–536.
De Swart, H. (1996). Quantification over time. In J. van der Does & J. van Eijck (Eds.), Quantifiers, logic and language (pp. 311–337). Stanford: CSLI.
Dehaene, S. (2014). Consciousness and the brain: Deciphering how the brain codes our thoughts. New York: Viking Penguin.
Dennett, D. C. (2017). From bacteria to Bach and back: The evolution of minds. New York City: W.W Norton & Co.
Erlewine, M. Y. (2017). Review of Elements of formal semantics: An introduction to the mathematical theory of meaning in natural language. Computational Linguistics, 42(4), 837–839.
Fauconnier, G. (1979). Implication reversal in natural language. In F. Guenthner & S. Schmidt (Eds.), Formal semantics for natural language. Dordrecht: D. Reidel.
Frege, G. (1893). Grundgesetze der Arithmetik. Vol 1. Section 4. Verlag Hermann Pohle, Jena. Noted in Hindley and Seldin 2008. Footnote 2, p. 3.
Hindley, J. R., & Seldin, J. P. (2008). Lambda-Calculus and Combinators. New York: CUP.
Heim, I., & Kratzer, A. (1998). Semantics in generative grammar. Malden: Blackwell.
Keenan, E. L. (1981). A Boolean approach to semantics. In J. Gronendijk, et al. (Eds.), Formal methods in the study of language (pp. 343–379). Amsterdam: Mathematics Center, University of Amsterdam.
Keenan, E. L. (1982). Eliminating the universe (a study in ontological perfection). In D. Flickinger, et al. (Eds.), WCCFL 1. Stanford: Stanford Linguistics Association.
Keenan, E. L. (1993). Natural language, sortal reducibility and generalized quantifiers. The Journal of Symbolic Logic, 58(1), 314–325.
Keenan, E. L. (2002). Some properties of natural language quantifiers: Generalized quantifier theory. Linguistics and Philosophy, 25, 627–654.
Keenan, E. L. (2016). In situ interpretation without type mismatches. Journal of Semantics, 32(1), 1–20.
Keenan, E. L., & Faltz, M. L. (1985). Boolean semantics for natural language. New York City: D. Reidel.
Keenan, E. L., & Moss, L. S. (2016). Mathematical structures in language. CSLI Lecture Notes No. 218.
Keenan, E. L., & Stavi, J. (1986). A semantic characterization of natural language determiners. Linguistics and Philosophy, 9, 253–326.
Keenan, E. L., & Westerstähl, D. (1997). Generalized quantifiers in linguistics and logic. In J. van Benthem & A. ter Meulen (Eds.), Logic and language (pp. 837–895). Amsterdam: North Holland.
Ladusaw, W. (1983). Logical form and conditions on grammaticality. Linguistics and Philosophy, 6, 177–197.
Liang, P., & Potts, C. (2015). Bringing machine learning and compositional semantics together. Annual Review of Linguistics, 1(1), 355–376.
Montague, R. (1973). In J. Hintikka, J. Moravcsik & P. Suppes (Eds.), Approaches to Natural Language: Proceedings of the 1970 Stanford Workshop on Grammar and Semantics (pp. 221–242). Dordrecht: D. Reidel Pub. Co. (Reprinted in Formal Philosophy, pp. 247–271, by R. Thomason, Ed., 1974, New Haven: Yale University Press.
Peters, S., & Westershåhl, D. (2006). Quantifiers in language and logic. Oxford: OUP.
Rett, J. (2016). Book review of Yoad Winter’s. Elements of formal semantics. Glossa, 1(1), 42.
Schoenfinkel, M. (1924). Ueber die Bausteine der mathematischen Logik. Mathematische Annalen, 92, 305–316. (Trans. In J. Van Heijenoort From Frege to Gödel. Harvard University Press 1967, pp. 355–366.)
Wigner, E. P. (1960). The unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics in the natural sciences. Communication on Pure and Applied Mathematics, 13, 1–14.
Winter, Y. (2001). Flexibility principles in Boolean semantics. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Full disclosure: I myself have written extensively on generalized quantifiers and with Larry Moss (2016) published a formal semantics text (less introductory than Winter’s).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Keenan, E.L. Yoad Winter’s Elements of Formal Semantics, 2016, Edinburgh Advanced Textbooks in Linguistics (Edinburgh University Press). J of Log Lang and Inf 27, 175–192 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10849-017-9261-3
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10849-017-9261-3