Skip to main content
Log in

Augmenting weighted graphs to establish directed point-to-point connectivity

  • Published:
Journal of Combinatorial Optimization Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We consider an augmentation problem on undirected and directed graphs, where given a directed (an undirected) graph G and p pairs of vertices \(P=\left\{ {\left( {s_1 ,t_1 } \right) ,\ldots ,\left( {s_p ,t_p } \right) } \right\} \), one has to find the minimum weight set of arcs (edges) to be added to the graph so that the resulting graph has (can be oriented to have) directed paths between the specified pairs of vertices. In the undirected case, we present an FPT-algorithm with respect to the number of new edges. Also, we have implemented and evaluated the algorithm on some real-world networks to show its efficiency in decreasing the size of input graphs and converting them to much smaller kernels. In the directed case, we consider the complexity of the problem with respect to the various parameters and present some parameterized algorithms and parameterized complexity results for it.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alber J, Bodlaender HL, Fernau H, Kloks T, Niedermeier R (2002) Fixed parameter algorithms for dominating set and related problems on planar graphs. Algorithmica 33:461–493

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Bilò D, Gualà L, Proietti G (2012) Improved approximability and non-approximability results for graph diameter decreasing problems. Theor Comput Sci 417:12–22

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Charikar M, Chekuri C, Cheung T et al (1998) Approximation algorithms for directed Steiner problems. In: Proceedings of the ninth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on discrete algorithms, pp 192–200

  • Chen JE (2005) Parameterized computation and complexity: a new approach dealing with NP-hardness. J Comput Sci Technol 20(1):18–37

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Chen JE, Feng QL (2014) On unknown small subsets and implicit measures: new techniques for parameterized algorithms. J Comput Sci Technol 29(5):870–878

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Chen YC, Wei HW, Huang PC, Shih WK, Hsu T (2010) The bridge-connectivity augmentation problem with a partition constraint. Theor Comput Sci 411(31):2878–2889

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Chitnis R, Hajiaghayi M, Kortsarz G (2013) Fixed-parameter and approximation algorithms: a new look. In: Parameterized and exact computation, Springer, pp 110–122

  • Demaine E, Zadimoghaddam M (2010) Minimizing the diameter of a network using shortcut edges. Algorithm Theory-SWAT 2010

  • Dodis Y, Khanna S (1999) Design networks with bounded pairwise distance. In: Proceedings of the thirty-first annual ACM symposium on theory of computing, pp 750–759

  • Dreyfus SE, Wagner RA (1971) The Steiner problem in graphs. Networks 1(3):195–207

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman J, Ruhl M (2006) The directed Steiner network problem is tractable for a constant number of terminals. SIAM J Comput 36(2):543–561

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Frank A (1992) Augmenting graphs to meet edge-connectivity requirements. SIAM J Discret Math 5(1):25–53

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Fredman ML, Tarjan RE (1987) Fibonacci heaps and their uses in improved network optimization algorithms. J ACM 34(3):596–615

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Gabow HN, Jordán T (2000) Incrementing bipartite digraph edge-connectivity. J Comb Optim 4(4):449–486

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Gamzu I, Medina M (2012) Improved approximation for orienting mixed graphs. Struct Inf Commun Complex 7355:243–253

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Ganian R, Hliněný P, Kneis J (2014) Digraph width measures in parameterized algorithmics. Discret Appl Math 168:88–1107

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Gray MR, Johnson DS (1979) Computers and intractability: a guide to the theory of NP-completeness. Freeman, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • Guo J, Niedermeier R, Raible D (2005) Improved algorithms and complexity results for power domination in graphs. In: Fundamentals of computation theory, pp 172–184

  • Guo J, Niedermeier R, Suchy O (2011) Parameterized complexity of arc-weighted directed Steiner problems. SIAM J Discret Math 25(2):583–599

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Guo J, Uhlmann J (2009) Kernelization and complexity results for connectivity augmentation problems. Networks 56(2):31–142

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Hassin R, Monnot J, Segev D (2007) Approximation algorithms and hardness results for labeled connectivity problems. J Comb Optim 14(4):437–453

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu T, Kao M (1988) A unifying augmentation algorithm for two-edge connectivity and biconnectivity. J Comb Optim 256:237–256

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu T, Ramachandran V (1991) A linear time algorithm for triconnectivity augmentation. In: Proceedings of 32nd annual symposium on foundations of computer science, pp 548–559

  • Hsu T, Ramachandran V (1991) On finding a smallest augmentation to biconnect a graph. Springer, Berlin

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Hu TC, Kuh ES (1985) VLSI circuit layout: theory and design. IEEE Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang D, Zhang Z (2012) On cyclic vertex-connectivity of Cartesian product digraphs. J Comb Optim 24(3):379–388

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson B, Jordán T (2005) Independence free graphs and vertex connectivity augmentation. J Comb Theory B 2081(0143):31–77

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Jordán T (2001) Minimax theorems in graph connectivity augmentation. EGRES Tech

  • Kant G, Bodlaender H (1991) Planar graph augmentation problems., Lect Notes Comput SciSpringer, New York, pp 286–298

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Koh KM, Tay EG (2002) Optimal orientations of graphs and digraphs: a survey. Graphs Comb 18(4):745–756

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Leskovec J, Krevl A (2014) SNAP datasets: stanford large network dataset collection. http://snap.stanford.edu/data, June 2014

  • Leung JMY, Magnanti TL, Singhal V (1990) Routing in point-to-point delivery systems: formulations and solution heuristics. Transp Sci 24(4):245–260

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Li CL, McCormick ST, Simchi-Levi D (1992) The point-to-point delivery and connection problems: complexity and algorithms. Discret Appl Math 36(3):267–292

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Marx D, Végh LA (2013) Fixed-parameter algorithms for minimum cost edge-connectivity augmentation. Springer, Berlin

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Meyerson A, Tagiku B (2009) Minimizing average shortest path distances via shortcut edge addition. Approximation, randomization, and combinatorial optimization. Algorithms and techniques. Springer, Berlin, pp 272–285

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Nagamochi H (2003) An approximation for finding a smallest 2-edge-connected subgraph containing a specified spanning tree. Discret Appl Math 126(1):83–113

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Natu M, Fang SC (1995) On the point-to-point connection problem. Inf Process Lett 53(6):333–336

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Natu M, Fang SC (1997) The point-to-point connection problem—analysis and algorithms. Discret Appl Math 78(1):207–226

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Niedermeier R (2006) Invitation to fixed parameter algorithms. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Nutov Z (2009) Approximating node-connectivity augmentation problems. In: Approximation, randomization, and combinatorial optimization. Algorithms and techniques. Springer, pp 286–297

  • Papagelis M, Bonchi F, Gionis A (2011) Suggesting ghost edges for a smaller world. In: Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on information and knowledge management. ACM Press, New York, USA, pp 2305–2308

  • Robbins HE (1939) A theorem on graphs, with an application to a problem of traffic control. Am Math Mon 46(5):281–283

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson N, Seymour PD (1986) Graph minors. II. Algorithmic aspects of tree-width. J Algorithms 7(3):309–322

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Segev D (2011) Approximating k-generalized connectivity via collapsing HSTs. J Comb Optim 21(3):364–382

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Tarjan RE (1974) A note on finding the bridges of a graph. Inf Process Lett 2(6):160–161

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Tarjan R (1972) Depth-first search and linear graph algorithms. SIAM J Comput 1(2):146–160

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Telle JA, Proskurowski A (1993) Practical algorithms on partial K-trees with an application to domination-like problems. Springer, Berlin

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Turán P (1941) On an extremal problem in graph theory. Mat Fiz Lapok 48(436–452):137

    Google Scholar 

  • Végh L (2010) Augmenting undirected node-connectivity by one. In: Proceedings of the 42nd ACM symposium on theory of computing 25:695-718

  • Watanabe T, Nakamura A (1987) Edge-connectivity augmentation problems. J Comput Syst Sci 144(1):96–144

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao X, Ding D (2003) Fixed-parameter tractability of disjunction-free default reasoning. J Comput Sci Technol 18(1):118–124

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was in part supported by a grant from Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM) (No. CS1395-4-01).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammadreza Razzazi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Roayaei, M., Razzazi, M. Augmenting weighted graphs to establish directed point-to-point connectivity. J Comb Optim 33, 1030–1056 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10878-016-0023-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10878-016-0023-y

Keywords

Navigation