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Generalized Blind Delayed Source Separation Model for Online Non-invasive Twin-fetal Sound Separation: A Phantom Study

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Abstract

The fetal phonocardiogram, which is the acoustic recording of mechanical activity of the fetal heart, facilitates the measurement of the instantaneous fetal heart rate, beat-to-beat differences and duration of systolic and diastolic phases. These measures are sensitive indicators of cardiac function, reflecting fetal well-being. This paper provides an algorithm to non-invasively estimate the phonocardiogram of an individual fetus in a multiple fetus pregnancy. A mixture of fetal phonocardiograms is modeled by a generalized pure delayed mixing model. Mutual independence of fetal phonocardiograms is assumed to apply blind source separation based techniques to extract the fetal phonocardiograms from their mixtures. The performance of the algorithm is verified through simulation results and on experimental data obtained from a phantom that is used to simulate a twin pregnancy.

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Acknowledgements

Vivek Nigam is supported by a fellowship from the Prakash Agarwal Foundation. We thank Todd Spohnholtz and his advisor Dr. T. J. Royston of the Acoustics and Vibrations Laboratory, Univ. of Illinois at Chicago, for providing the Inexpensive Piezoelectric Acoustic Sensors (IPAS) to record FPCGs in “Experiments and results.”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ikoa, Inc, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA

    Vivek Nigam

  2. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, M/C 154, 851 South Morgan, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA

    Roland Priemer

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  1. Vivek Nigam
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  2. Roland Priemer
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Correspondence to Vivek Nigam.

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Nigam, V., Priemer, R. Generalized Blind Delayed Source Separation Model for Online Non-invasive Twin-fetal Sound Separation: A Phantom Study. J Med Syst 32, 123–135 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-007-9115-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-007-9115-7

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