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Diagnosis of Brain Metastases from Lung Cancer Using a Modified Electromagnetism like Mechanism Algorithm

  • Systems-Level Quality Improvement
  • Published:
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Abstract

Brain metastases are commonly found in patients that are diagnosed with primary malignancy on their lung. Lung cancer patients with brain metastasis tend to have a poor survivability, which is less than 6 months in median. Therefore, an early and effective detection system for such disease is needed to help prolong the patients’ survivability and improved their quality of life. A modified electromagnetism-like mechanism (EM) algorithm, MEM-SVM, is proposed by combining EM algorithm with support vector machine (SVM) as the classifier and opposite sign test (OST) as the local search technique. The proposed method is applied to 44 UCI and IDA datasets, and 5 cancers microarray datasets as preliminary experiment. In addition, this method is tested on 4 lung cancer microarray public dataset. Further, we tested our method on a nationwide dataset of brain metastasis from lung cancer (BMLC) in Taiwan. Since the nature of real medical dataset to be highly imbalanced, the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) is utilized to handle this problem. The proposed method is compared against another 8 popular benchmark classifiers and feature selection methods. The performance evaluation is based on the accuracy and Kappa index. For the 44 UCI and IDA datasets and 5 cancer microarray datasets, a non-parametric statistical test confirmed that MEM-SVM outperformed the other methods. For the 4 lung cancer public microarray datasets, MEM-SVM still achieved the highest mean value for accuracy and Kappa index. Due to the imbalanced property on the real case of BMLC dataset, all methods achieve good accuracy without significance difference among the methods. However, on the balanced BMLC dataset, MEM-SVM appears to be the best method with higher accuracy and Kappa index. We successfully developed MEM-SVM to predict the occurrence of brain metastasis from lung cancer with the combination of SMOTE technique to handle the class imbalance properties. The results confirmed that MEM-SVM has good diagnosis power and can be applied as an alternative diagnosis tool in with other medical tests for the early detection of brain metastasis from lung cancer.

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Acknowledgments

This work is partially supported by the National Science Council, R.O.C. (Taiwan), and National Taiwan University of Science and Technology - Taipei Medical University Joint Research Program (TMU-NTUST-102-06 & TMU-NTUST-101-07). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This study is based in part on data from the National Health Insurance Research Database provided by the Bureau of National Health Insurance, Department of Health and managed by National Health Research Institutes, R.O.C. (Taiwan). The interpretation and conclusions contained herein do not represent those of Bureau of National Health Insurance, Department of Health or National Health Research Institutes.

Authors’ contributions

KJW, KHC and NCT are major author of this paper. They developed the research issues, designed the experiments, supervised and revised the manuscript. Additionally, KHC proposed the method and carried out the experiments. AMA prepared the data set, drafted the manuscript and performed statistical analysis. KMW provided continuous feedback and mentored on the paper. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Daan District, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China

      Kun-Huang Chen, Kung-Jeng Wang & Angelia Melani Adrian

    2. Department of Surgery, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Shilin District, Taipei 111, Taiwan, Republic of China

      Kung-Min Wang

    3. School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, Republic of China

      Nai-Chia Teng

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    Correspondence to Kung-Min Wang.

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    This article is part of the Topical Collection on Systems-Level Quality Improvement

    Kun-Huang Chen, Kung-Jeng Wang, Angelia Melani Adrian, Kung-Min Wang and Nai-Chia Teng contributed equally to this work.

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    Chen, KH., Wang, KJ., Adrian, A.M. et al. Diagnosis of Brain Metastases from Lung Cancer Using a Modified Electromagnetism like Mechanism Algorithm. J Med Syst 40, 35 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-015-0367-3

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