Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

DRRNet: Dense Residual Refine Networks for Automatic Brain Tumor Segmentation

  • Image & Signal Processing
  • Published:
Journal of Medical Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Glioma is one of the most common and aggressive brain tumors. Segmentation and subsequent quantitative analysis of brain tumor MRI are routine and crucial for treatment. Due to the time-consuming and tedious manual segmentation, automatic segmentation methods are required for accurate and timely treatment. Recently, segmentation methods based on deep learning are popular because of their self-learning and generalization ability. Therefore, we propose a novel automatic 3D CNN-based method for brain tumor segmentation. In order to better capture the contextual information, we design the network architecture based on u-net and replace the simple skip connection with encoder adaptation blocks. To further improve the performance and reduce computational burden at the same time, we also use dense connected fusion blocks in decoder. We train our model with generalised dice loss function to alleviate the problem of class imbalance. The proposed model is evaluated on the BRATS 2015 testing dataset and obtains dice scores of 0.84, 0.72 and 0.62 for whole tumor, tumor core and enhancing tumor, respectively. Our model is accurate and efficient, achieving results that comparable to the reported state-of-the-art results.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zeng, H., Chen, W., Zheng, R., Zhang, S., Ji, J.S., Zou, X., Xia, C., Sun, K., Yang, Z., Li, H., et al, Changing cancer survival in China during 2003–15: a pooled analysis of 17 population-based cancer registries. Lancet Glob. Health 6(5):e555–e567 , 2018.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Wang, G., Li, W., Ourselin, S., and Vercauteren, T.: Automatic brain tumor segmentation using cascaded anisotropic convolutional neural networks. In: International MICCAI Brainlesion Workshop, pp. 178–190. Springer, 2017.

  3. Dolz, J., Gopinath, K., Yuan, J., Lombaert, H., Desrosiers, C., and Ayed, I.B.: Hyperdense-net: a hyper-densely connected cnn for multi-modal image segmentation. arXiv:180402967, 2018

  4. Akkus, Z., Galimzianova, A., Hoogi, A., Rubin, D.L., and Erickson, B.J., Deep learning for brain mri segmentation: state of the art and future directions. J. Digit. Imaging 30(4):449–459, 2017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Pereira, S., Pinto, A., Alves, V., and Silva, C.A., Brain tumor segmentation using convolutional neural networks in mri images. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 35(5):1240–1251, 2016.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Zhou, C., Ding, C., Lu, Z., Wang, X., and Tao, D.: One-pass multi-task convolutional neural networks for efficient brain tumor segmentation. In: International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, pp. 637–645. Springer, 2018.

  7. Wang, S.H., Tang, C., Sun, J., Yang, J., Huang, C., Phillips, P., and Zhang, Y.D., Multiple sclerosis identification by 14-layer convolutional neural network with batch normalization, dropout, and stochastic pooling. Front. Neurosci. 12:818, 2018a.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Wang, S.H., Sun, J., Phillips, P., Zhao, G., and Zhang, Y.D., Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar image segmentation by convolutional neural network using graphical processing units. J. Real-Time Image Proc. 15 (3):631–642, 2018b.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Havaei, M., Davy, A., Warde-Farley, D., Biard, A., Courville, A., Bengio, Y., Pal, C., Jodoin, P.M., and Larochelle, H., Brain tumor segmentation with deep neural networks. Med. Image Anal. 35:18–31, 2017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Kamnitsas, K., Ledig, C., Newcombe, V.F., Simpson, J.P., Kane, A.D., Menon, D.K., Rueckert, D., and Glocker, B., Efficient multi-scale 3d cnn with fully connected crf for accurate brain lesion segmentation. Med. Image Anal. 36:61–78, 2017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Imai, H., Matzek, S., Le, T.D., Negishi, Y., and Kawachiya, K.: Fast and accurate 3d medical image segmentation with data-swapping method. arXiv:181207816, 2018

  12. Long, J., Shelhamer, E., and Darrell, T.: Fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 3431–3440, 2015.

  13. Ronneberger, O., Fischer, P., and Brox, T.: U-net: convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation. In: International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, pp. 234–241. Springer, 2015.

  14. Feng, X., Tustison, N., and Meyer, C.: Brain tumor segmentation using an ensemble of 3d u-nets and overall survival prediction using radiomic features. In: International MICCAI Brainlesion Workshop, pp. 279–288. Springer, 2018.

  15. Çiçek, Ö., Abdulkadir, A., Lienkamp, S.S., Brox, T., and Ronneberger, O.: 3d u-net: learning dense volumetric segmentation from sparse annotation. In: International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, pp. 424–432. Springer, 2016.

  16. Dong, H., Yang, G., Liu, F., Mo, Y., and Guo, Y.: Automatic brain tumor detection and segmentation using u-net based fully convolutional networks. In: Annual Conference on Medical Image Understanding and Analysis, pp. 506–517. Springer, 2017.

  17. Kayalibay, B., Jensen, G., and van der Smagt, P.: Cnn-based segmentation of medical imaging data. arXiv:170103056, 2017

  18. Chen, L., Bentley, P., Mori, K., Misawa, K., Fujiwara, M., and Rueckert, D., Drinet for medical image segmentation. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 37(11):2453–2462, 2018.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., and Sun, J.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 770–778, 2016.

  20. Hara, K., Kataoka, H., and Satoh, Y.: Can spatiotemporal 3d cnns retrace the history of 2d cnns and imagenet?. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 6546–6555, 2018.

  21. Xie, S., Girshick, R., Dollár, P., Tu, Z., and He, K.: Aggregated residual transformations for deep neural networks. In: 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 5987–5995. IEEE, 2017.

  22. Huang, G., Liu, Z., Van Der Maaten, L., and Weinberger, K.Q.: Densely connected convolutional networks. In: 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 2261–2269. IEEE, 2017.

  23. Bilinski, P., and Prisacariu, V.: Dense decoder shortcut connections for single-pass semantic segmentation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 6596–6605, 2018.

  24. Ulyanov, D., Vedaldi, A., and Lempitsky, V.S.: Instance normalization: the missing ingredient for fast stylization. arXiv:160708022, 2016

  25. Maas, A.L., Hannun, A.Y., and Ng, A.Y.: Rectifier nonlinearities improve neural network acoustic models. In: Proceedings icml, Vol. 30, p. 3, 2013.

  26. Zhang, R., Zhao, L., Lou, W., Abrigo, J.M., Mok, V.C., Chu, W.C., Wang, D., and Shi, L., Automatic segmentation of acute ischemic stroke from dwi using 3d fully convolutional densenets. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 37:2149–2160, 2018.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Kang, H., and Chen, D.: Multi-scale fully convolutional network for cardiac left ventricle segmentation. arXiv:180910203, 2018

  28. Chen, H., Dou, Q., Yu, L., and Heng, P.A.: Voxresnet: deep voxelwise residual networks for volumetric brain segmentation. arXiv:160805895, 2016

  29. Tran, D., Bourdev, L., Fergus, R., Torresani, L., and Paluri, M.: Learning spatiotemporal features with 3d convolutional networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 4489–4497, 2015.

  30. Xu, Z., Yang, X., Li, X., Sun, X., and Harbin, P.: Strong baseline for single image dehazing with deep features and instance normalization. In: BMVC, Vol. 2, p. 5, 2018.

  31. Szegedy, C., Ioffe, S., Vanhoucke, V., and Alemi, A.A.: Inception-v4, inception-resnet and the impact of residual connections on learning. In: AAAI, Vol. 4, p. 12, 2017.

  32. Menze, B.H., Jakab, A., Bauer, S., Kalpathy-Cramer, J., Farahani, K., Kirby, J., Burren, Y., Porz, N., Slotboom, J., Wiest, R., et al., The multimodal brain tumor image segmentation benchmark (brats). IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 34(10):1993–2024, 2015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Wong, K.C., Moradi, M., Tang, H., and Syeda-Mahmood, T.: 3d segmentation with exponential logarithmic loss for highly unbalanced object sizes. In: International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, pp. 612–619. Springer, 2018.

  34. Bernal, J., Kushibar, K., Asfaw, D.S., Valverde, S., Oliver, A., Martí, R., and Lladó, X., Deep convolutional neural networks for brain image analysis on magnetic resonance imaging: a review. Artif. Intell. Med. 95:64–81, 2018.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Fidon, L., Li, W., Garcia-Peraza-Herrera, L.C., Ekanayake, J., Kitchen, N., Ourselin, S., and Vercauteren, T.: Generalised wasserstein dice score for imbalanced multi-class segmentation using holistic convolutional networks. In: International MICCAI Brainlesion Workshop, pp. 64–76. Springer, 2017.

  36. Sudre, C.H., Li, W., Vercauteren, T., Ourselin, S., and Cardoso, M.J.: Generalised dice overlap as a deep learning loss function for highly unbalanced segmentations. In: Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis and Multimodal Learning for Clinical Decision Support, pp. 240–248. Springer, 2017.

  37. Xue, Y., Xu, T., Zhang, H., Long, L.R., and Huang, X., Segan: adversarial network with multi-scale l 1 loss for medical image segmentation. Neuroinformatics 16(3-4):383–392, 2018.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Zhao, X., Wu, Y., Song, G., Li, Z., Zhang, Y., and Fan, Y., A deep learning model integrating fcnns and crfs for brain tumor segmentation. Med. Image Anal. 43:98–111, 2018.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Department of Science and Technology of Shandong Province (Grant No.2017CXGC1502).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Boqiang Liu.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interests

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Image & Signal Processing

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sun, J., Chen, W., Peng, S. et al. DRRNet: Dense Residual Refine Networks for Automatic Brain Tumor Segmentation. J Med Syst 43, 221 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-019-1358-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-019-1358-6

Keywords

Navigation