Skip to main content
Log in

Gateway Selection Protocol in Hybrid MANET Using DYMO Routing

  • Published:
Mobile Networks and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a novel gateway (GW) selection protocol in hybrid Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). We focus on the situation that occurs when specialized, sensitive data is sent to the Internet from MANET nodes. These special data types are especially susceptible to security risks such as information leak and data falsification. Therefore, it is necessary for such special data to be forwarded by a secure/trusted GW which is controlled by a trusted network administrator. However, there should be multiple GWs deployed in a MANET, where the cost ineffectiveness makes it difficult for a network administrator to simultaneously manage every GW. Because of the risk of forwarding special data through an unmaintained GW, we propose a routing protocol which allows a source node to have sensitive data forwarded to the Internet through a trusted GW. To achieve this desirable performance, we improve upon one of the newest routing protocols, Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO), which works in consideration of application data. Through simulations, we evaluate our protocol in comparison with the conventional DYMO protocol. The results show that our protocol can make MANET source nodes choose GWs for specific data.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Part of this work has been presented at WiMob’2008 [8].

  2. According to the latest RFCs, the first six bits are assigned as Differentiated Services (DS) Field [25], and the last two bits are called Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) field [26].

References

  1. Hu Y-C, Perrig A, Johnson D (2003) Rushing attacks and defense in wireless ad hoc network routing protocols. In: Proc of the 2003 ACM workshop on wireless security (WiSe ’03), pp 30–40

  2. Hu Y-C, Perrig A, Johnson D (2006) Wormhole attacks in wireless networks. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 24(2):370–380

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Kannhavong B, Nakayama H, Nemoto Y, Kato N, Jamalipour A (2007) A survey of routing attacks in mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Wirel Commun Mag 14(5):85–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Sanzgiri K, LaFlamme D, Dahill B, Levine BN, Shields C, Belding-Royer EM (2005) Authenticated routing for ad hoc networks. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 23(3):598–610

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Zhou L, Haas Z (1999) Securing ad hoc networks. IEEE Netw 13(6):24–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Papadimitratos P, Haas Z (2003) Secure data transmission in mobile ad hoc networks. In: Proc of the 2003 ACM workshop on wireless security (WiSE ’03), pp 41–50

  7. Chakeres I, Perkins C (2008) Dynamic MANET on-demand (DYMO) routing. IETF Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-manet-dymo-16

  8. Matsuda T, Nakayama H, Shen S, Nemoto Y, Kato N (2008) On gateway selection protocol for DYMO-based MANET. In: Proc 4th IEEE int conf on wireless and mobile computing, networking and communications (WIMOB’08), Avignon, France, pp 32–37

  9. Sun Y, Belding-Royer EM, Perkins CE (2002) Internet connectivity for ad hoc mobile networks. Int J Wirel Inf Netw 9(2):75–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Perkins CE, Belding-Royer EM, Das SR (2003) Ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing. RFC3561

  11. Perkins C (2002) IP mobility support for IPv4. RFC3344

  12. Ruiz PM, Ros FJ, Gomez-Skarmeta A (2005) Internet connectivity for mobile ad hoc networks: solutions and challenges. IEEE Wirel Commun Mag 43(10):118–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ghassemian M, Hofmann P, Prehofer C, Friderikos V, Aghvami H (2004) Performance analysis of internet gateway discovery protocols in ad hoc networks. In: Wireless communications and networking conference, 2004 WCNC, vol 1. IEEE, pp 120–125

  14. Rakesh K, Manoj M, Sarje AK (2007) An efficient gateway discovery in ad hoc networks for internet connectivity. In: Proc of computational intelligence and multimedia applications, pp 275–282

  15. Johnson D, Hu Y-C, Maltz D (2007) The dynamic source routing protocol (DSR) for mobile ad hoc networks for IPv4. RFC4728

  16. Clausen ET, Jacquet EP (2003) Optimized link state routing protocol (OLSR). RFC3626

  17. Ogier R, Templin F, Lewis M (2004) Topology dissemination based on reverse-path forwarding (TBRPF). RFC3684

  18. Chakeres ID, Macker JP (2007) Mobile ad hoc networking and the IETF. ACM SIGMOBILE Mob Comput Commun Rev 11(4):80–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Clausen T, Dearlove C, Dean J, Adjih C (2008) Generalized manet packet/message format. IETF Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-manet-packetbb-17

  20. Galvez JJ, Ruiz PM (2007) Design and performance evaluation of multipath extensions for the DYMO protocol. In: Proc of the 32nd IEEE conference on local computer networks (LCN ’07). IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, pp 885–892

    Google Scholar 

  21. Rifa-Pous H, Herrera-Joancomarti J (2007) Secure dynamic MANET on-demand (SEDYMO) routing protocol. In: Proc of the fifth annual conference on communication networks and services research (CNSR), pp 372–380

  22. Johnson D, Lysko A (2008) Comparison of MANET routing protocols using a scaled indoor wireless grid. Mob Netw Appl 13(1–2):82–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Sommer C, Dressier F (2007) The DYMO routing protocol in VANET scenarios. In: Vehicular technology conference, 2007. VTC-2007 Fall. 2007 IEEE 66th, 30 2007-3 October 2007, pp 16–20

  24. Almquist P (1992) Type of service in the internet protocol suite. RFC1349

  25. Nichols K, Blake S, Baker F, Black D (1998) Definition of the differentiated services field (DS field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 headers. RFC2474

  26. Ramakrishnan K, Floyd S, Black D (2001) The addition of explicit congestion notification (ecn) to ip. RFC3168

  27. Bettstetter C, Resta G, Santi P (2003) The node distribution of the random waypoint mobility model for wireless ad hoc networks. IEEE Trans Mob Comput 2(3):257–269

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported through the International Communications Research Grant (A Study on Reliable Ad hoc Networks, 2009), International Communications Foundation (ICF).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Takeshi Matsuda.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Matsuda, T., Nakayama, H., Shen, X.(. et al. Gateway Selection Protocol in Hybrid MANET Using DYMO Routing. Mobile Netw Appl 15, 205–215 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-009-0173-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-009-0173-6

Keywords

Navigation