Abstract
We describe the design, implementation and performance evaluation of Wiseman: a middleware platform developed for interpreting mobile agent scripts in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Inspired by an earlier agent system originally devised for the coordination of distributed process in wired networks, we developed a simplified interpreter that can be embedded in resource-limited wireless sensor devices for processing text-based codes that realize diverse WSNs tasks. We describe in detail the foundations of our proposed approach, as well as the distinctive programming features that reduce its operation’s overhead. In its present form, the Wiseman interpreter implementation occupies 19Kbytes of embedded code and 3Kbytes of SRAM. We also study the effects of employing the different agent migration methodologies supported by the interpreter, and report performance evaluations that gauge the codes’ consumed bandwidth and migration delay, which can take as little as 235 mS per hop.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
MacRuairi R, Keane MT, Coleman G (2008) A wireless sensor network application requirements taxonomy. Proceedings of the second international conference on sensor technologies and applications, SENSORCOMM, Cap Esterel, France, 25–31 August 2008
Levis P, Culler D (2002) Maté: a tiny virtual machine for sensor networks. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, San Jose, USA, October 2002
Liu T, Martonosi M (2003) Impala: a middleware system for managing autonomic, parallel sensor systems. Proceedings of ACM SIGPLAN: Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming, San Diego, USA, June 2003
Hui J, Culler D (2004) The dynamic behavior of a data dissemination protocol for network programming at scale. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Baltimore, USA, November 2004
Boulis A, Han C-C, Srivastava M (2003) Design and implementation of a framework for efficient and programmable sensor networks. Proceedings of the First International ACM Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services, San Francisco, USA May 2003
Kang P, Borcea C, Xu G, Saxena A, Kremer U, Iftode L (2004) Smart messages: a distributed computing platform for networks of embedded systems. The Comput J Special Issue on Mobile and Pervasive Computing, Oxford Journals 47(4):475–494
Fok C-L, Roman G-C, Lu C (2005) Rapid development and flexible deployment of adaptive wireless sensor network applications. Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), Columbus, USA, June 2005
Qi H, Iyengar SS, Chakrabarty K (2001) Multiresolution data integration using mobile agents in distributed sensor networks. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern C Appl Rev 31(3):383–391
Chen M, Gonzalez-Valenzuela S, Leung VCM (2007) Applications and design issues of mobile agents in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Wireless Commun 14(6):20–26
González-Valenzuela S, Chen M, Leung VCM (2009) Design, implementation and case study of WISEMAN: wireless sensors employing mobile ageNts. Proceedings of the 2nd International ICST Conference on MOBILe Wireless MiddleWARE, Operating Systems, and Applications (MobilWare), Berlin, Germany, April 28–29
González-Valenzuela S, Chen M, Leung VCM (2009) Programmable re-tasking of wireless sensor networks using WISEMAN, to appear at the International Workshop on Advanced Sensor Integration Technology (ASIT), Niagara Falls, Canada, September 2325
Sapaty P (1986) A wave language for parallel processing of semantic networks. Comput Artif Intell 5(4)
Sapaty P (2000) Mobile processing in distributed and open environments. Willey
Chen M, Kwon T, Yuan Y, Choi Y, Leung V (2007) MADD: mobile-agent-based directed diffusion in wireless sensor networks. EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing. doi:10.1155/2007/36871
Chen M, Leung V, Mao S, Kwon T, Li M, (2009) Energy-efficient itinerary planning for mobile agents in wireless sensor networks. Proceedings of IEEE ICC, Dresden, Germany, June 14–18
The OMNeT++ Discrete Event Simulator. http://www.omnetpp.org.
TinyOS for deeply embedded wireless sensor networks. http://www.tinyos.net.
Crossbow Technology. http://www.xbow.com.
The Wiseman Agent System for WSNs. http://www.ece.ubc.ca/∼sergio/wiseman.
Acknowledgment
This project was supported by the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of the Canadian Government under grants STPGP 322208-05 and 365208-08. In addition, this work was supported in part by NAP of Korea Research Council of Fundamental Science & Technology.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
González-Valenzuela, S., Chen, M. & Leung, V.C.M. Programmable Middleware for Wireless Sensor Networks Applications Using Mobile Agents. Mobile Netw Appl 15, 853–865 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-010-0237-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-010-0237-7