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Frame Conversion Schemes for Cascaded Wired / Wireless Communication Networks of Factory Automation

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Abstract

Typical communication networks for closed-loop control application in factory automation are designed to grant short cycle times, precise synchronicity in the microseconds range and high reliability with low packet error rates. However, new requirements for greater flexibility and scalability can only be fulfilled in combination with wireless networks. Therefore, cascaded communication networks with combinations of wired and wireless subnetworks will arise. However, combining heterogeneous communication protocols will lead to additional latencies. In order to reduce their influence on the real-time behavior of the overall network as far as possible, this latency must be completely known to the application and minimized as far as possible. In this paper, we analyze one additional source of latencies resulting from frame conversion for different subnetworks. With an abstract network model we introduce, we are able to analyze the timing independent of a specific protocol implementation. Using this, we are able to show different existing frame conversion concepts with their properties regarding latency and jitter. By simulating a typical network for automation technology and a currently developed wireless real-time communication network, we were able to verify our investigations.

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Notes

  1. For simplification, we modeled the ParSec communication wired as well, since the ParSec PHY is not yet fully defined, but its behavior could be represented with sufficient accuracy.

  2. We simulate with the values 0.701 ms, 0.801 ms and 0.901 ms to provide a sufficiently large variance in the displacement between the reception of the data and the beginning of the frame.

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Acknowledgments

The work presented in this paper has been partially supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research BMBF (grant agreement no. 16KIS0225 & 16KIS0224).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bosch Rexroth AG, Lohr am Main, Germany

    Steven Dietrich & Gunther May

  2. Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany

    Johannes von Hoyningen-Huene & Andreas Mueller

  3. Chair of Real-time Systems, Technical University Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany

    Gerhard Fohler

Authors
  1. Steven Dietrich
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  2. Gunther May
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  3. Johannes von Hoyningen-Huene
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  4. Andreas Mueller
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  5. Gerhard Fohler
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Steven Dietrich.

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Dietrich, S., May, G., Hoyningen-Huene, J.v. et al. Frame Conversion Schemes for Cascaded Wired / Wireless Communication Networks of Factory Automation. Mobile Netw Appl 23, 817–827 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-017-0881-2

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