Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Route Optimized Distributed IP-Based Mobility Management Protocol for Seamless Handoff across Wireless Mesh Networks

  • Published:
Mobile Networks and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) can provide Internet connectivity to end users through heterogenous access network technologies. However, the mobility of mobile nodes across these access networks in WMNs results in service disruption. Existing mobility management protocols are designed for single hop networks and are centralized in nature. A Distributed IP-based Mobility Management Protocol (DIMMP) is proposed in this paper that provides seamless mobility with service continuation for mobile nodes when they roam across WMNs. Instead of relying on a centralized mobility anchor, the mobility functionality is distributed at multiple nodes in the WMN, in order to reduce the chances of potential single point of failure. The proposed protocol manages both types of mobilities i.e. intra-WMN and inter-WMN and uses a new enhanced route optimization procedure. Simulation results show that this work has contributed by improving the performance of handoff procedure with respect to handoff latency, packet loss and signalling overhead, as compared to the existing protocols.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Loumiotis I, Adamopoulou E, Demestichas K, Remoundou C, Kosmides P, Asthenopoulos V, Theologou M (2016) Road to next generation mobile networks: an evolutionary dynamics approach. Mob Networks Appl 21(2):237–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Shah PA, Yousaf M, Qayyum A, Malik SA (2009) An analysis of service disruption time for TCP applications using end-­to-­end mobility management protocols. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Advances in Mobile Computing and Multimedia, pp. 360–364

  3. Zamanifar A, Nazemi E, Vahidi-Asl M (2017) A mobility solution for hazardous areas based on 6LoWPAN. Mob Networks Appl 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-017-0918-6

  4. Akyildiz IF, Wang X (2009) Wireless mesh networks. Wiley

  5. Akyildiz IF, Wang X, Wang W (Mar. 2005) Wireless mesh networks: a survey. Comput Netw 47(4):445–487

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Al-surmi I, Othman M, Mohd B (2012) Mobility management for IP-based next generation mobile networks: review, challenge and perspective. J Netw Comput Appl 35(1):295–315

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Xie J, Wang X (2008) A survey of mobility management in hybrid wireless mesh networks. Network, IEEE 22(6):34–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Chan HA, Yokota H, Xie J, Seite P, Liu D (2011) Distributed and dynamic mobility management in mobile internet: current approaches and issues. Aust J Commun 6(1):4–15

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bokor L, Faigl Z, Imre S (2011) Flat architectures: towards scalable future internet mobility. In: SpringerLink The Future Internet, LNCS, vol. 6656, pp. 35–50

  10. George A, Kumar A, Cavalcanti D, Agrawal DP (2008) Protocols for mobility management in heterogeneous multi-hop wireless networks. Pervasive Mob Comput 4(1):92–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. George A, Kumar A, Srinivasan S (2009) A multi-hop mobility management protocol for heterogeneous wireless networks: other article. Int J Pervasive Comput Commun 5(2):187–207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Rivera N (2008) Seamless connectivity and mobility in wireless mesh networks. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  13. Shah PA, Hasbullah HB, Afghan SA, Jung LT, Lawal IA, Mu’azu AA (2013) An enhanced procedure for mobile ipv6 route optimization to reduce handover delay and signaling overhead. In: International Multi Topic Conference. Springer, Cham, pp. 216–226

  14. Boukerche A, Zhang Z (2008) A hybrid-routing based intra-domain mobility management scheme for wireless mesh networks. In: Proceedings of the 11th international symposium on Modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems, ACM, Oct 2008, pp. 268–275

  15. Majumder A, Deb S, Roy S (2016) Classification and performance analysis of intra-domain mobility management schemes for wireless mesh network. In: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Competitive Strategies. ACM, Chicago, March 2016, p. 113

  16. Huang R, Zhang C, Fang Y (2007) A mobility management scheme for wireless mesh networks. Proceedings of Global Telecommunications Conference, 2007 (GLOBECOM ‘07) 93241:5092–5096

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Huang L, Yan Z, Liu Z, Huang H (2012) A strategy for mesh client mobility support in wireless mesh networks. In: Networking and Distributed Computing (ICNDC), 2012 Third International Conference on (pp. 69–71). IEEE, OCt 2012

  18. Jang SH, Lee GS (2011) Mobility management scheme for the wireless mesh network using location server. Grid Distrib Comput Commun Comput Inf Sci 261:179–186

    Google Scholar 

  19. Tran M, Kim Y, Le J (2011) Load balancing and mobility management in multi-homed wireless mesh networks. KSII Trans Internet Inf Syst 5(5):959–975

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Wang H, Huang Q, Xia Y, Wu Y, Yuan Y (2007) A network-based local mobility management scheme for wireless mesh networks. In: Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2007. WCNC 2007. IEEE, March 2007, pp. 3792–3797

  21. Couto L, Barraca JP, Sargento S, Aguiar RL (2009) FastM in WMN: a fast mobility support extension for wireless mesh networks. In: proceedings of IEEE Second International Conference on Advances in Mesh Networks, pp. 90–96

  22. Houyou AM, De Meer H, Esterhazy M (2006) P2P-based mobility management for heterogeneous wireless networks and mesh networks *. SpringerLink Lect Notes Comput Sci Wirel Syst Netw Archit Next Gener Internet 3883:226–241

    Google Scholar 

  23. Rajya Lakshmi L, Ribeiro VJ, Jain BN (2015) PRIME: a partial path establishment based handover management technique for QoS support in WiMAX based wireless mesh networks. Comput Netw 83:217–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Yamarthy MR, Subramanyam MV, Prasad KS (2016) A multi-layer routing protocol for mobility management in wireless mesh networks. Procedia Comput Sci 89:51–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Khasawneh FA, BenMimoune A, Kadoch M, Alomari A, Al-Khrayshah M (2015) Multihoming admission and mobility management in wireless mesh network. In: Computer, Information and Telecommunication Systems (CITS), 2015 International Conference on (pp. 1–5), IEEE, July 2015

  26. Navda V, Kashyap A, Das SR (2005) Design and evaluation of imesh: an infrastructuremode wireless mesh network. In: World of Wireless Mobile and Multimedia Networks, 2005. WoWMoM 2005. Sixth IEEE International Symposium on a (pp. 164–170), IEEE, June 2005

  27. Yang SH, Bao L (2011) Scalable mobility management in large-scale wireless mesh networks. In: Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2011 IEEE (pp. 1230–1235), IEEE, March 2011

  28. Zhang Z, Pazzi RW, Boukerche A (2010) A mobility management scheme for wireless mesh networks based on a hybrid routing protocol q. Comput Netw 54(4):558–572

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  29. Ren M, Liu C, Zhao H, Zhao T, Yan W (2007) MEMO: an applied wireless mesh network with client support and mobility management. In: Global Telecommunications Conference, 2007. GLOBECOM'07. IEEE (pp. 5075–5079), IEEE, Nov 2007

  30. Sabeur M, Al Sukkar G, Jouaber B, Zeghlache D, Afifi H (2007) Mobile party: A mobility management solution for wireless mesh network. In: Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications, 2007. WiMOB 2007. Third IEEE International Conference on (pp. 45–45), IEEE, Oct 2007

  31. Huang D, Lin P, Gan C (2008) Design and performance study for a mobility management mechanism (WMM) using location cache for wireless mesh networks. IEEE Trans Mob Comput 7(5):546–556

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Zhao W, Xie J (2012) IMeX: intergateway cross-layer handoffs in internet-based infrastructure wireless mesh networks. IEEE Trans Mob Comput 11(10):1585–1600

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Majumder A, Roy S (2013) Design and analysis of a dynamic mobility management scheme for wireless mesh network. Sci World J 2013:16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Majumder A, Roy S (2016) Implementation of Forward Pointer-Based Routing Scheme for Wireless Mesh Network. Arab J Sci Eng 41(3):1109–1127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Li Y, Chen I (2011) Design and Performance Analysis of Mobility Management Schemes Based on Pointer Forwarding for Wireless Mesh Networks. IEEE Trans Mob Comput 10(3):349–361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Majumder A, Roy S (2012) A forward pointer based mobility management scheme for multi-hop multi-path wireless mesh network. In: Data Science & Engineering (ICDSE), 2012 International Conference on (pp. 194–197), IEEE, July 2012

  37. Song J, Liu Q, Zhong Z, Li X (2012) A cooperative mobility management scheme for wireless mesh networks. In: Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC), 2012 IEEE (pp. 672–676), IEEE, Jan 2012

  38. Amir Y, Danilov C, Musuăloiu-Elefteri R, Rivera N (2010) The SMesh wireless mesh network. ACM Trans Comput Syst (TOCS) 28(3):6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Amir Y, Danilov C, Hilsdale M, Musǎloiu-Elefteri R, Rivera N (2006) Fast handoff for seamless wireless mesh networks. In Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Mobile systems, applications and services, ACM, June 2006, pp. 83–95

  40. Chan H, Liu D, Seite P, Yokota H, Korhonen J. Requirements for distributed mobility management. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) RFC 7333

  41. Motoyoshi G, Leibnitz K, Murata M (2010) Function-distributed mobility system for the future internet. In: Network Operations and Management Symposium Workshops (NOMS Wksps), 2010 IEEE/IFIP, IEEE, April 2010, pp. 28–35

  42. Wakikawa R, Valadon G, Murai J (2006) Migrating home agents towards internet-scale mobility deployments. In: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM CoNEXT conference, ACM, Dec 2006, p. 10

  43. Yu L, Zhijun Z, Tao L, Hui T (2010). Distributed mobility management based on flat network architecture. In: Wireless Internet Conference (WICON), 2010 The 5th Annual ICST, IEEE, March 2010, pp. 1–6

  44. Bertin P, Bonjour S, Bonnin JM (2008) A distributed dynamic mobility management scheme designed for flat IP architectures. In: New Technologies, Mobility and Security, 2008. NTMS'08, IEEE, Nov 2008, pp. 1–5

  45. Bertin P, Bonjour S, Bonnin JM (2009) An evaluation of dynamic mobility anchoring. In: Vehicular Technology Conference Fall (VTC 2009-Fall), 2009 IEEE 70th, IEEE, Sept 2009, pp. 1–5

  46. Ernest PP, Chan HA (2011) Enhanced handover support and routing path optimization with distributed mobility management in flattened wireless networks. In: Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC), 2011 14th International Symposium on (pp. 1–5), IEEE, Oct 2011

  47. Kawano K, Kinoshita K, Yamai N (2008) A distributed mobility management scheme for large-scale Mobile Networks. In: Local Computer Networks, 2008. LCN 2008. 33rd IEEE Conference on (pp. 500–501), IEEE, Oct 2008

  48. Song M, Huang J, Feng R, Song J (2006) A distributed dynamic mobility management strategy for mobile ip networks. In: ITS Telecommunications Proceedings, 2006 6th International Conference on (pp. 1045–1048), IEEE, June 2006

  49. Fischer M, Andersen FU, Kopsel A, Schafer G, Schlager M (2008) A distributed IP mobility approach for 3G SAE. In: Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2008. PIMRC 2008. IEEE 19th International Symposium on (pp. 1–6), IEEE, Sept 2008

  50. Giust F, De la Oliva A, Bernardos CJ (2011) Flat access and mobility architecture: An IPv6 distributed client mobility management solution. In Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), 2011 IEEE Conference on (pp. 361–366), IEEE, April 2011

  51. Liu S, Cheng X, Fu W, Zhou Y, Li Q (2014) Numeric characteristics of generalized M-set with its asymptote. Appl Math Comput 243:767–774

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  52. Liu S, Pan Z, Fu W, Cheng X (2017) Fractal generation method based on asymptote family of generalized Mandelbrot set and its application. J Nonlinear Sci Appl 10(3):1148–1161

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  53. Perkins EC, Johnson D, Arkko J (2011) Mobility Support in IPv6. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) RFC 6275

  54. Shah PA, Hasbullah HB, Lawal IA, Mu’azu AA, Jung LT (2014) a totp-based enhanced route optimization procedure for mobile IPv6 to reduce handover delay and signalling overhead. Sci World J 2014(1):16

    Google Scholar 

  55. Aldabbagh G, Shah PA, Hasbullah HB, Aadil F, Awan KM, Marwat F (2017) Fuzzy Logic Based Enhanced AOMDV with Link Status Classification for Efficient Multi-Path Routing in Multi-Hop Wireless Networks. J Comput Theor Nanosci 14(1):620–630

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Shah PA, Hasbullah HB, Rafique S, Rehman SU, Jung (LT) Fuzzy logic based link status classification for efficient multipath routing in multi-hop wireless mesh networks. In: in proceedings of 2nd IEEE International Conference on Computer & Information Sciences (ICCOINS 2014)

  57. Salomaa A (2013) Public-key cryptography (texts in theoretical computer science. An EATCS Series), 2nd Edition. Springer

  58. M’Raihi D, Machani S, Pei M, Rydell J (2011) TOTP: Time-Based One-Time Password Algorithm. Internet Eng Task Force RFC 6238:1–17

    Google Scholar 

  59. Boukerche A, Turgut B, Aydin N, Ahmad MZM, Bölöni L, Turgut D (2011) Routing protocols in ad hoc networks: A survey. Comput Netw 55(13):3032–3080

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Tarique M, Tepe KE, Adibi S, Erfani S (2009) Survey of multipath routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks. J Netw Comput Appl 32(6):1125–1143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Jiang M, Tay YC (1999) Cluster Based Routing Protocol (CBRP). Internet Eng Task Force Draft Draft 1–13

  62. Makaya C, Pierre S (2008) Enhanced fast handoff scheme for heterogeneous wireless networks. Comput Commun 31(10):2016–2029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Makaya C, Member S, Pierre S, Member S (2008) An Analytical Framework for Performance Evaluation of IPv6-Based Mobility Management Protocols. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun 7(3):972–983

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Baumann FV, Niemegeers IG (1994) An evaluation of location management procedures. In: proceedings of Third Annual International Conference on Universal Personal Communications, 1994 (UPC ‘94), pp. 359–364

  65. Li F (2005) A novel haleness and efficiency method for return routability procedure in mobile IPv6. In: Communications and Information Technology, 2005. ISCIT 2005. IEEE International Symposium on (Vol. 1, pp. 470–473), IEEE, Oct 2005

  66. Nandiraju N, Nandiraju D, Santhanam L, He B, Wang J, Agrawal DP (2007) Wireless mesh networks: current challenges and future directions of web-in-the-sky. IEEE Wirel Commun 14(4):79–89

  67. Liu S, Lu M, Liu G, Pan Z (2017) A Novel Distance Metric: Generalized Relative Entropy. Entropy 19(6):269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Liu S (2016) Recent Research and Application in Multimedia Part II. Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 9(2):82–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Yang G, Liu S (2014) Distributed cooperative algorithm for k-M set with negative integer k by fractal symmetrical property. Int J Distrib Sens Netw 10(5):398583

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the MIST (Ministry of Science and ICT), Korea, under the National Program for Excellence in SW supervised by the IITP (Institute for Information & communications Technology Promotion) (2015-0-00938).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Internet, Communication & Networks (ICNet) Research Lab, Department of Computer Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Attock, 43600, Pakistan

    Peer Azmat Shah, Khalid Mahmood Awan & Farhan Aadil

  2. Pattern Recognition, Images and Data Engineering (PRIDE) Research Lab, Department of Computer Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Attock, 43600, Pakistan

    Zahoor-ur-Rehman & Khalid Iqbal

  3. Digital Contents Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Khan Muhammad & Sung Wook Baik

  4. Department of Software, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Irfan Mehmood

Authors
  1. Peer Azmat Shah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Khalid Mahmood Awan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zahoor-ur-Rehman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Khalid Iqbal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Farhan Aadil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Khan Muhammad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Irfan Mehmood
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Sung Wook Baik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Irfan Mehmood.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shah, P.A., Awan, K.M., Zahoor-ur-Rehman et al. A Route Optimized Distributed IP-Based Mobility Management Protocol for Seamless Handoff across Wireless Mesh Networks. Mobile Netw Appl 23, 752–774 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-018-1007-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-018-1007-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation