Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Optimization scheduling of MPEG-4 FGS video coding stream under the feasible mandatory constraint

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

MPEG-4 video coding stream with Fine Granularity Scalability (FGS) can be flexibly dropped by very fine granularity so as to adapt to the available network bandwidth. The MPEG-4 FGS model is similar to the imprecise computation model originally proposed in the real-time scheduling field. In both models, it is required that all the mandatory tasks be completely scheduled before their deadlines even in the worst case, which is called the feasible mandatory constraint. The problem is how to maximize the number of the scheduled tasks based on the importance of tasks and to satisfy the feasible mandatory constraint. We adapt the existing unit-time tasks scheduling algorithm to address the problem by using a weighted assignment scheme that adds constant weights to mandatory tasks. Under the feasible mandatory constraint, we prove that the proposed algorithm maximizes the total weights of the scheduled tasks, and all mandatory tasks are guaranteed to be completely scheduled before their deadlines. The experimental results show the performance of the video quality for our scheduling algorithm by the measurements of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Baruah S, Gehrke J, Plaxton G (1995) Fast scheduling of periodic tasks on multiple resources. In: Proceedings of the 9th international parallel processing symposium, Santa Barbara, 25–28 April 1995, pp 280–288

  2. Baruah SK, Lin S-S (1997) Improved scheduling of generalized pinwheel task systems. In: Proceedings of fourth international workshop on real-time computing systems and applications, Taipei, 27–29 October 1997, pp 73–79

  3. Chakareski J, Frossard P (2005) Rate-distortion optimized packet scheduling over bottleneck links. In: IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo, Amsterdam, 6–9 July 2005, pp 1066–1069

  4. Chou PA, Miao Z (2006) Rate-distortion optimized streaming of packetized media. IEEE Trans Multimedia 8(2):390–404

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Cormen TH, Leiserson CE, Rvest RL (1990) Chapter 17 greedy algorithms. Introduction to algorithms. McGraw-Hill, Sydney

    Google Scholar 

  6. Feng W, Sechrest S (1995) Critical bandwidth allocation for delivery of compressed video. Comput Commun 18(10):709–717

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Feng W-C, Mishra PP, Ramakishnan KK (1997) A comparison of bandwidth smoothing techniques for the transmission of prerecorded compressed video. In: Sixteenth annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies. Proceedings IEEE, vol 1. IEEE, Piscataway, pp 58–66

    Google Scholar 

  8. Gao K, Gao W, He S, Gao P, Zhang Y (2003) Real-time scheduling on scalable media stream delivery. In: Proceedings of the 2003 international symposium on circuits and systems, vol 2. IEEE, Piscataway, pp 824–827

    Google Scholar 

  9. Gao K, Zhang Y, Gao W, He S (2003) Real-time scheduling supporting VCR functionality for scalable video streaming. In: 14th IEEE proceedings on personal, indoor and mobile radio communications, vol 3, 7–10 Sept 2003. IEEE, Piscataway, pp 2711–2715

    Google Scholar 

  10. Gao K, Zhang Y, He S, Gao W (2003) Imprecise computation scheduling on scalable media stream delivery. In: The fourth Pacific rim conference on multimedia information, communications and signal processing, vol 3, 15–18 Dec. IEEE, Piscataway, pp 1351–1355

    Google Scholar 

  11. Hamdaoui M, Ramanathan P (1995) A dynamic priority assignment technique for streams with (m, k)-firm deadlines. IEEE Trans Comput 44(12):1443–1451

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Koren G, Shasha D (1995) Skip-over: algorithms and complexity for overloaded systems that allow skips. In: Proceedings of the 16th real-time systems symposium, Pisa, 5–7 December 1995, pp 110–117

  13. Kozlov S, van der Stok P, Lukkien J (2005) Adaptive scheduling of MPEG video frames during real-time wireless video streaming. In: IEEE international symposium on a world of wireless mobile and multimedia networks, Taormina, 13–16 June 2005, pp 460–462

  14. Lai H, Lee JY, Chen L-k (2005) A monotonic-decreasing rate scheduler for variable-bit-rate video streaming. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 15(2):221–231

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Li W (2001) Overview of fine granularity scalability in MPEG-4 video standard. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 11(3):301–317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Liu JW-S, Lin K-J, Shih W-K, Yu AC-S, Chung C, Yao J, Zhao W (1991) Fast algorithms for scheduling imprecise computations. Comput 24(5):58–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Microsoft (2004) ISO/IEC 14496 MPEG-4 video reference software. version: Microsoft-FDAM1-2.5-040207

  18. Moir M, Ramamurthy S (1999) Pfair scheduling of fixed and migrating periodic tasks on multiple resources. In: Proceedings of the 20th real-time systems symposium, Phoenix, 1–3 December 1999, pp 294–303

  19. Ozcelebi T, Oguz Sunay M, Murat Tekalp A, Reha Civanlar M (2007) Cross-layer optimized rate adaptation and scheduling for multiple-user wireless video streaming. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 25(4):760–769

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Radha HM, Schaar VDM, Chen Y (2001) The MPEG-4 fine-grained scalable video coding method for multimedia streaming over IP. IEEE Trans Multimedia 3(1):53–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Salehi JD, Zhang Z-L, Kurose J, Towsley D (1998) Supporting stored video: reducing rate variability and end-to-end resource requirements through optimal smoothing. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw 6(4):397–410

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Shih W-K, Liu JWS, Chung J-Y (1989) Fast algorithms for scheduling imprecise computations. In: Real time systems symposium, 1989, Santa Monica, December 1989, pp 12–19

  23. Sun H-M, Shu L, Chen C-M (2005) Optimizing video stream scheduling based on MPEG-4 FGS framework. In: The 18th IPPR conference on computer vision, graphics, and image processing, Taiwan, 21–23 August 2005, pp 1475–1482

  24. West R, Poellabauer C (2000) Analysis of a window-constrained scheduler for real-time and best-effort packet streams. In: Proceedings of the 21st IEEE real-time systems symposium, Orlando, 27–30 November 2000, pp 239–248

  25. Wu J, Cai J, Chen CW (2007) Single-pass rate-smoothed video encoding with quality constraint. IEEE Signal Process Lett 4(10):715–718

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Zhang H, Rangarajan S (2008) Adaptive scheduling of streaming video over wireless networks. In: IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo, Hannover, 23–26 June 2008, pp 477–480

  27. Zhang J, Hui J (1998) Applying traffic smoothing techniques for quality of service control in VBR video transmissions. Comput Commun 21:375–389

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported, in part, by NSC grant NSC 95-2221-E-309-014.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Information Management, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan County, Taiwan, 711, Republic of China

    Huey-Min Sun

  2. Department of Accounting, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan, 701, Republic of China

    LihChyun Shu

Authors
  1. Huey-Min Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. LihChyun Shu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to LihChyun Shu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sun, HM., Shu, L. Optimization scheduling of MPEG-4 FGS video coding stream under the feasible mandatory constraint. Multimed Tools Appl 44, 111–131 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-009-0279-7

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-009-0279-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation