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An incremental space to visualize dynamic data sets

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Abstract

In Information Visualization, adding and removing data elements can strongly impact the underlying visual space. We have developed an inherently incremental technique (incBoard) that maintains a coherent disposition of elements from a dynamic multidimensional data set on a 2D grid as the set changes. Here, we introduce a novel layout that uses pairwise similarity from grid neighbors, as defined in incBoard, to reposition elements on the visual space, free from constraints imposed by the grid. The board continues to be updated and can be displayed alongside the new space. As similar items are placed together, while dissimilar neighbors are moved apart, it supports users in the identification of clusters and subsets of related elements. Densely populated areas identified in the incSpace can be efficiently explored with the corresponding incBoard visualization, which is not susceptible to occlusion. The solution remains inherently incremental and maintains a coherent disposition of elements, even for fully renewed sets. The algorithm considers relative positions for the initial placement of elements, and raw dissimilarity to fine tune the visualization. It has low computational cost, with complexity depending only on the size of the currently viewed subset, V. Thus, a data set of size N can be sequentially displayed in O(N) time, reaching O(N 2) only if the complete set is simultaneously displayed.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the financial support of FAPESP (Grants 2005/02263-2 and 2008/046228) and CNPq (Grant 305861/2006-9). Part of Roberto Pinho’s research was conducted while visiting Drexel University under the supervision of Dr. Chaomei Chen and the support of a CAPES PDEE Grant (BEX 0651-07-9). He wishes to thank Dr. Chen and fellow researchers at Drexel University for their invaluable contributions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 668, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil

    Roberto Dantas de Pinho, Maria Cristina Ferreira de Oliveira & Alneu de Andrade Lopes

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  1. Roberto Dantas de Pinho
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  2. Maria Cristina Ferreira de Oliveira
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  3. Alneu de Andrade Lopes
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Correspondence to Roberto Dantas de Pinho.

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de Pinho, R.D., de Oliveira, M.C.F. & de Andrade Lopes, A. An incremental space to visualize dynamic data sets. Multimed Tools Appl 50, 533–562 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-010-0483-5

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