Skip to main content
Log in

Inferring competitive role patterns in reality TV show through nonverbal analysis

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper introduces a new facet of social media, namely that depicting social interaction. More concretely, we address this problem from the perspective of nonverbal behavior-based analysis of competitive meetings. For our study, we made use of “The Apprentice” reality TV show, which features a competition for a real, highly paid corporate job. Our analysis is centered around two tasks regarding a person’s role in a meeting: predicting the person with the highest status, and predicting the fired candidates. We address this problem by adopting both supervised and unsupervised strategies. The current study was carried out using nonverbal audio cues. Our approach is based only on the nonverbal interaction dynamics during the meeting without relying on the spoken words. The analysis is based on two types of data: individual and relational measures. Results obtained from the analysis of a full season of the show are promising (up to 85.7% of accuracy in the first case and up to 92.8% in the second case). Our approach has been conveniently compared with the Influence Model, demonstrating its superiority.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. This has been decided by the authors. It was set up between 80% and 95% from the length of an episode, depending on the case.

References

  1. Ambady N, Bernieri F, Richeson J (2000) Towards a histology of social behavior: judgmental accuracy from thin slices of behavior. In: Zanna P (ed) Advances in experimental social psychology, pp 201–272

  2. Bales R (1951) Interaction process analysis: a method for the study of small groups. Addison–Wesley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  3. Banerjee S, Rudnicky A (2004) Using simple speech-based features to detect the state of a meeting and the roles of the meeting participants. In: Proc. of int’l. conf. on spoken language processing (ICSLP), p N/A. Jeju Island, Korea

  4. Basu S, Choudhury T, Clarkson B, Pentland A (2001) Learning human interactions with the influence model. In: Tech report 539. MIT Media Lab

  5. Basu S, Choudhury T, Clarkson B, Pentland A (2001) Towards measuring human interactions in conversational settings. In: Proc. IEEE int’l. conf. on computer vision, workshop on cues in communication (CVPR-CUES). Kauai, Hawaii, USA

  6. Benne K, Sheats P (1948) Functional roles of group members. J Soc Issues 4(2):41–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Biddle T (1979) Role theory: expectations, identities, and behaviors. Academic, New York

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bormann E (1990) Comunicating in small groups: theory and practice. Harper and Row, New York

    Google Scholar 

  9. Burgoon J, Dunbar N (2006) Nonverbal expressions of dominance and power in human relationships. In: Manusov Vea (ed) The Sage handbook of nonverbal communication. Sage, pp 279–297

  10. Dong W, Lepri B, Capelletti A, Pentland A, Pianesi F, Zancanaro M (2007) Using the influence model to recognize functional roles in meetings. In: Proc. of int’l. conf. on multimodal interfaces (ICMI), pp 271–278. Nagoya, Japan

  11. Dunbar N, Burgoon J (2005) Perceptions of power and interactional dominance in interpersonal relationships. J Soc Pers Relatsh 22(2):207–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Ellis D, Fisher B (1994) Group decision-making: communication and the group process. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  13. Favre S, Salamin H, Dines J, Vinciarelli A (2008) Role recognition in multiparty recordings using social affiliation networks and discrete distributions. In: Proc. int. conf. on multimodal interfaces (ICMI), p N/A. Chania, Crete Island, Greece

  14. Gatica-Perez D (2006) Analyzing group interactions in conversations: a review. In: Proc. of IEEE int’l. conf. on multisensor fusion and integration for intelligent systems. Heidelberg, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  15. Gatica-Perez D (2009) Automatic nonverbal analysis of social interaction in small groups: a review. Image Vis Comput (Special Issue on Human Spontaneous Behavior) 27(12):1775–1787

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gatica-Perez D, Zhang D, Bengio S (2005) Extracting information from multimedia meeting collections. In: Proc. of ACM int. conf. on multimedia, workshop on multimedia information retrieval (ACM MM MIR). Singapore

  17. Giddens A (1984) The constitution of society: outline of the theory of structuration. University of California Press, Berkeley

    Google Scholar 

  18. Goffman E (1959) The presentation of self in everyday life. Doubleday, New York

    Google Scholar 

  19. Graf H, Cosatto E, Strom V, Huang F (2002) Visual prosody: facial movements accompanying speech. In: Fifth IEEE int’l. conf. on automatic face and gesture recognition. Washington, DC

  20. Gregory Jr S, Gallagher T (2002) Spectral analysis of candidates’ nonverbal vocal communication: predicting U.S. presidential election outcomes. Soc Psychol Q 65(3):298–308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Hanneman RA, Riddle M (2005) Introduction to social network methods. University of California (Riverside), Riverside, CA. Retrieved from http://faculty.ucr.edu/~hanneman/

  22. Hare A (1976) Handbook of small group research. Free Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  23. Jayagopi D, Ba S, Odobez JM, Gatica-Perez D (2008) Predicting two facets of social verticality in meetings from five-minute time slices and nonverbal cues. In: Proc. of int’l. conf. on multimodal interfaces (ICMI), p N/A. Chania, Greece

  24. Jayagopi D, Hung H, Yeo C, Gatica-Perez D (2009) Modeling dominance in group conversations from nonverbal activity cues. IEEE Trans on Audio, Speech and Language Processing (Special Issue on Multimodal Processing for Speech-based Interactions) 17(3)

  25. Katz D, Kahn R (1978) The social psychology of organization. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  26. McCowan I, Carletta J, Kraaij W, Ashby S, Bourban S, Flynn M, Guillemot M, Hain T, Kadlec J, Karaiskos V, Kronenthal M, Lathoud G, Lincoln M, Lisowska A, Post W, Reidsma D, Wellner P (2005) The ami meeting corpus. In: Proc. of the 5th int. conf. on methods and techniques in behavioral research, p N/A. Wageningen, The Netherlands

  27. McCowan I, Gatica-Perez D, Bengio S, Lathoud G, Barnard M, Zhang D (2005) Automatic analysis of multimodal group actions in meetings. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 27(3):305–317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. McGrath J (1984) Groups: interaction and performance. Prentice Hall, New York

    Google Scholar 

  29. Otsuka K, Sawada H, Yamato J (2007) Automatic inference of cross-modal nonverbal interactions in multiparty conversations. In: Proc. ACM 9th int’l conf. on multimodal interfaces (ICMI), pp 255–262. Nagoya, Japan

  30. Pentland A (2005) Socially aware computation and communication. Computer:63–70

  31. Pentland A (2008) Honest signals. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  32. Pentland A, Madan A (2005) Perception of social interest. In: Proc. IEEE intl. conf. on computer vision, workshop on modeling people and human interaction (ICCV-PHI). Beijing, China

  33. Raducanu B, Vitrià J, Gatica-Perez D (2009) You are fired! nonverbal role analysis in competitive meetings. In: Proc. of int’l. conf. on audio, speech and signal processing (ICASSP), pp 1949–1952. Taipei, Taiwan

  34. Rienks R, Zhang D, Gatica-Perez D, Post W (2006) Detection and application of influence rankings in small group meetings. In: Proc. ACM 8th int’l. conf. on multimodal interfaces (ICMI), pp 257–264. New York, US

  35. Salazar A (1996) An analysis of the development and evolution of roles in the small group. Small Group Res 27(4):475–503

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Schmid Mast M (2002) Dominance as expressed and inferred through speaking time: a meta-analysis. Human Commun Res 28(3):420–450

    Google Scholar 

  37. Smith-Lovin L, Brody C (1989) Interruptions in group discussions: the effects of gender and group composition. Am Sociol Rev 54(3):424–435

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Stiefelhagen R, Chen S, Yang J (2005) Capturing interactions in meetings using omnidirectional cameras. International Journal of Distance Education Technologies 3(3):34–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. The Apprentice. http://www.nbc.com/The_Apprentice/

  40. Valbonesi L, Ansari R, McNeill D, Quek F, Duncan S, McCullough KE, Bryll R (2002) Multimodal signal analysis of prosody and hand motion: temporal correlation of speech and gesture. In: EUSIPCO. Toulouse, France (2002)

  41. Vinciarelli A (2007) Speakers role recognition in multiparty audio recordings using social network analysis and duration distribution modeling. IEEE Trans Multimedia 9(6):1215–1226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Wasserman S, Faust K (1994) Social network analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK

    Google Scholar 

  43. Weber M (2000) Basic concepts in sociology. Citadel, California

    Google Scholar 

  44. Zancanaro M, Lepri B, Pianesi F (2006) Automatic detection of group functional roles in face to face interactions. In: Proc. of int’l. conf. on multimodal interfaces (ICMI), p N/A. Banff, Canada

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was done while B. Raducanu visited IDIAP as an AMIDA project trainee. D. Gatica-Perez thanks the support of the AMIDA and IM2 projects. B. Raducanu is also supported by MEC Grants TIN2009-14404-C02-01 and CONSOLIDER-INGENIO CSD 2007-00018, Spain. We thank Dinesh Jayagopi (IDIAP) for providing the code for Influence Model.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bogdan Raducanu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Raducanu, B., Gatica-Perez, D. Inferring competitive role patterns in reality TV show through nonverbal analysis. Multimed Tools Appl 56, 207–226 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-010-0545-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-010-0545-8

Keywords

Navigation