Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Audio watermarking method using QR decomposition and genetic algorithm

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Watermarking is a method used to hide the owner’s data in the host signal in an inaudible way. The watermark signal must not reduce the quality of host signal. Furthermore, it must be resistant to various attacks. In this paper, we will propose an intelligent audio watermarking method in terms of collaborating QR decomposition (QR factorization) method and Genetic Algorithm (GA). At the outset, the host signal is segmented into several frames. Then, every frame is decomposed by using QR decomposition method, and, subsequently, the best place for embedding the watermark bit which has a high robustness to the possible attacks is searched by using GA. In order to evaluate effectiveness of this method, we have examined the robustness of watermark against several attacks for several different audio signals. The results indicate that the proposed method has more robustness in comparison with previous robust audio watermarking methods.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abd El-Samie FE (2009) An efficient singular value decomposition algorithm for digital audio watermarking. Int J Speech Technol 12:27–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Al-Nuaimy W et al (2011) An SVD audio watermarking approach using chaotic encrypted images. Digit Signal Proc Elsevier 21:764–779

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bender W, Gruel D, Morimoto N, Lu A (1996) Techniques for data hiding. IBM Syst J 35:313–336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bhat V, Sengupta I, Das A (2010) An adaptive audio watermarking based on the singular value decomposition in the wavelet domain. Digital Signal Proc Elsevier 20:1547–1558

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Bhat V, Sengupta I, Das A (2011) An audio watermarking scheme using singular value decomposition and dither-modulation quantization. Multimedia Tools Appl Springer 52:369–383

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Chang C-Y, Shen W-C, Wang H-J (2006) Using counter-propagation neural network for robust digital audio watermarking in DWT domain. IEEE Int Conf Syst Man Cybern 2:1214–1219

    Google Scholar 

  7. Chen B, Wornell GW (1999) Dither modulation: a new approach to digital watermarking and information embedding. Proc SPIE: Secur Watermarking Multimedia Contents 3657:342–353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Cox IJ, Kilian J, Leigton FT, Shamoon T (1996) Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia. IEEE Trans Image Process 6:1673–1687

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Cvejic N, Keskinarkaus A, Seppänen T (2001) Audio watermarking using m-sequences and temporal masking. IEEE Work Appl Signal Proc Audio Acoust: 227–230

  10. Erfani Y, Siahpoush S (2009) Robust audio watermarking using improved TS echo hiding. Digit Signal Proc Elsevier 19:809–814

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Fan M, Wang H (2009) Chaos-based discrete fractional Sine transform domain audio watermarking scheme. Computer Electron Eng 35:506–516

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Haupt RL, Haupt SE (2004) Practical genetic algorithms, 2nd edn. John Wiley & Sons Inc

  13. Holland JH (1975) Adaptation in natural and artificial systems. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor

    Google Scholar 

  14. Huang CH, Wu JL (2000) A watermark optimization technique based on genetic algorithms. Proc SPIE-Vis Commun Image Process 3971:516–523

    Google Scholar 

  15. ITU-R Recommendation BS.1387 (2001) Method for objective measurements of Perceived Audio Quality (PEAQ) http://www.itu.org

  16. Ketcham M, Vongpraphip S (2007) Genetic algorithm audio watermarking using multiple image-based watermarks. IEEE Commun Inform Techn 1:1235–1240

    Google Scholar 

  17. Ketcham M, Vongpraphip S (2007) Intelligent Audio Watermarking using Genetic Algorithm in DWT Domain, IEC, pp. 336–341

  18. Kim HJ et al (2004) Audio watermarking techniques, intelligent watermarking techniques, theory and applications, word scientific publishing

  19. Kirovski D, Malvar H (2001) Robust spread-spectrum audio watermarking. IEEE Int Conf Acoust Speech Signal Process:1345–1348

  20. Lee S-K, Ho Y-S (2000) Digital audio watermarking in the cepstrum domain. IEEE Trans Consum Electron 46(3)

  21. Li W, Xue X, Lu P (2006) Localized audio watermarking technique robust against time-scale modification. IEEE Trans Multimed 8:60–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Ozer H, Sankur B (2005) An SVD based audio watermarking technique. Proc IEEE Conf Sig Process Commun Appl:452–455

  23. Peng H, Wang J (2011) Optimal audio watermarking scheme using genetic optimization. Ann Telecommun Springer 66:307–318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Shieh CS, Huang HC, Wang FH, Pan JS (2004) Genetic watermarking based on transform domain techniques. Pattern Recog 37:555–565

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Van Schyndel RG, Ltrkel AZ, Osborne CF (1994) A digital watermark. IEEE Int Conf Image Process 2:86–90

    Google Scholar 

  26. Wang J, Healy R, Timoney J (2011) A robust audio watermarking scheme based on reduced singular value decomposition and distortion removal. Signal Process Elsevier 91:1693–1708

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. Wang R, Xu D, Chen J, Du C (2004) Digital audio watermarking algorithm based on linear predictive coding in wavelet domain. IEEE Int Conf Signal Process 1:2393–2396

    Google Scholar 

  28. Wu S, Huang J, Huang D, Shi YQ (2005) Efficiently self-synchronized audio watermarking for assured audio data transmission. IEEE Trans Broadcast 51:69–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Xiang S, Huang J (2007) Histogram-based audio watermarking against time-scale modification and cropping attacks. IEEE Trans Multimedia 9:1357–1372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Xiang S, Kim HJ, Huang J (2008) Audio watermarking robust against time-scale modification and MP3 compression. Signal Process 88:2372–2387

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Engineering, Dezfoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezfoul, Iran

    Seyed Mohammadreza Mohsenfar, Mohammad Mosleh & Ali Barati

Authors
  1. Seyed Mohammadreza Mohsenfar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohammad Mosleh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ali Barati
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Seyed Mohammadreza Mohsenfar or Mohammad Mosleh.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mohsenfar, S.M., Mosleh, M. & Barati, A. Audio watermarking method using QR decomposition and genetic algorithm. Multimed Tools Appl 74, 759–779 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1694-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1694-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation