Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A multiple watermarking scheme based on orthogonal decomposition

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel multiple watermarking scheme based on orthogonal decomposition (MWOD). In the first phase, based on orthogonal decomposition, the host data selected from multimedia data are divided into mutually independent multiple domains. Then multiple watermarks without need for considering the special correlation among them can respectively be embedded into these different domains even using different embedding algorithms. There is no mutual interference among watermarked domains so that multiple watermarks can be flexibly embedded in the distribution of the multimedia cover. Through theoretical analysis, the security of multiple watermarking operands is validated, which means that MWOD can ensure the security of watermarking operation domains. Therefore, media providers and service providers can embed their unique information step-by-step into digital multimedia using their own operation domain keys in MWOD, which can be used to identify media content’s ownership or trace the illegal redistributors. Experimental results and analysis demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of MWOD.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Badran EF, Sharkas MA, Attallah OA (2009) Multiple watermark embedding scheme in wavelet-spatial domains based on ROI of medical images, National Radio Science Conference (NRSC 2009). IEEE Press, Cairo, pp 1–8

    Google Scholar 

  2. Chamlawi R, Khan A, Usman I (2010) Authentication and recovery of images using multiple watermarks. Comput Electr Eng 36(1):578–584

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Chen W (2008) Multiple-watermarking scheme of the European Article Number Barcode using similar code division multiple access technique. Appl Math Comput 197:243–261

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Cheng Q (2009) Generalized embedding of multiplicative watermarks. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 19(7):978–988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Courtois N, Goubin L, Meier W, and J-D Tacier (2002) Solving Underdefined Systems of Multivariate Quadratic Equations. Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Practice and Theory in Public Key Cryptosystems: Public Key Cryptography, pp 211–227, February 12–14

  6. Cox IJ, Kilian J, Leighton T, Shamoon T (1997) Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia. IEEE Trans Signal Process 6(12):1673–1687

    Google Scholar 

  7. Lie WN, Lin GS, Wu CL, Wang TC (2000) Robust image watermarking on the DCT domain. Proc IEEE Int Symp Circuits Syst 1(5):228–231

    Google Scholar 

  8. Li-jun C, Rui L, Ye-qing Y (2012) A multiple watermarks algorithm for image content authentication. J Cent South Univ 19:2866–2874

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Lu C, Hsu C (2007) Near-optimal watermark estimation and its countermeasure: anti-disclosure watermark for multiple watermark embedding. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 17(4):454–467

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Mairgiotis A, Galatsanos N, Yang Y (2008) New additive watermark detectors based on a hierarchical spatially adaptive image model. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 3(1):29–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Perez-Gonzalez F, Mosquera C (2008) Quantization-based data hiding robust to linear-time-invariant filtering. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 3(2):137–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Petitcolas FAP (2000) Watermarking schemes evaluation. IEEE Signal Process 17(5):58–64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Petitcolas F, Stirmark Benchmark (2002) <www.petitcolas.net/fabien/watermarking/stirmark/>.

  14. Stankovic S, Djurovic I, Pitas I (2001) Watermarking in the space/spatial-frequency domain using two-dimensional Radon-Wigner distribution. IEEE Trans Signal Process 10(5):650–658

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Takahashi A, Nishimura R, Suzuki Y (2005) Multiple watermarks for stereo audio signals using phase-modulation techniques. IEEE Trans Signal Process 53(2):806–815

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Wang J, Lian S (2012) On the hybrid multi-watermarking. Signal Process 92:893–904

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Wong PHW, Au OC, Yeung YM (2003) A novel blind multiple watermarking technique for images. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 13(8):813–830

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Xiao J, Wang Y (2009) Multiple Watermarking with Side Information. In International Workshop on Digital Watermarking 2008. Spring-Verlag, Busan, Korea, LNCS 5450, 379–387

  19. Zhang Y, Niu X, Zhao D (2005) A method of protecting relational databases copyright with cloud watermark. J Inf Commun Eng 1(7):337–341

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under Grant 2011CB302306, 2011CB302204, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 41371402, 41101416 and the Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under Grant 20110141110056.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China

    Lizhi Xiong, Zhengquan Xu & Yanyan Xu

Authors
  1. Lizhi Xiong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zhengquan Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yanyan Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhengquan Xu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Xiong, L., Xu, Z. & Xu, Y. A multiple watermarking scheme based on orthogonal decomposition. Multimed Tools Appl 75, 5377–5395 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-2504-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-2504-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation