Skip to main content
Log in

Multiple classifier system using classification confidence for texture classification

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper proposes a simple yet effective novel classifier fusion strategy for multi-class texture classification. The resulting classification framework is named as Classification Confidence-based Multiple Classifier Approach (CCMCA). The proposed training based scheme fuses the decisions of two base classifiers (those constitute the classifier ensemble) using their classification confidence to enhance the final classification accuracy. 4-fold cross validation approach is followed to perform experiments on four different texture databases those vary in terms of orientation, number of texture classes and complexity. Apart from its simplicity, the proposed CCMCA method shows better and consistent performance with lowest standard deviation as compared to fixed rule and simple trainable fusion techniques irrespective of the feature set used across all the databases used in the experiment. The performance gain of the proposed CCMCA method over other competing methods is found to be statistically significant.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Atrey PK, Hossain MA, El Saddik A, Kankanhalli MS (2010) Multimodal fusion for multimedia analysis: a survey. Multimed Syst 16(6):345–379

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Brodatz P (1966) Textures: a photographic album for artists and designers, vol 66. Dover New York

  3. Dash J, Mukhopadhyay S, Gupta R Content-based image retrieval using fuzzy class membership and rules based on classifier confidence. IET Image Process 9(2015):836–848. doi:10.1049/iet-ipr.2014.0299

  4. Dash JK, Mukhopadhyay S, Garg MK, Prabhakar N, Khandelwal N (2014) Multi-classifier framework for lung tissue classification. In: 2014 IEEE Students’ Technology Symposium (TechSym). IEEE, pp 264–269

  5. Dash JK, Mukhopadhyay S, Prabhakar N, Garg M, Khandelwal N (2013) Content-based image retrieval for interstitial lung diseases using classification confidence. In: SPIE Medical Imaging, pp. 86,702Y–86,702Y. International Society for Optics and Photonics

  6. Duda RO, Hart PE, Stork DG (2012) Pattern classification. Wiley

  7. Farrell KR (1995) Text-dependent speaker verification using data fusion. In: 1995 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1995. ICASSP-95, vol 1. IEEE, pp 349–352

  8. Farrell KR, Ramachandran RP, Sharma M, Mammone RJ (1997) Sub-word speaker verification using data fusion methods. In: Neural Networks for Signal Processing [1997] VII. Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE Workshop. IEEE, pp 531–540

  9. Fumera G, Roli F (2005) A theoretical and experimental analysis of linear combiners for multiple classifier systems. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 27(6):942–956

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Han J, Ma KK (2007) Rotation-invariant and scale-invariant gabor features for texture image retrieval. Image Vis Comput 25(9):1474–1481

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Huang Y, Suen C (1993) The behavior-knowledge space method for combination of multiple classifiers. In: IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Institute of Electrical Engineers Inc (IEEE), pp 347–347

  12. Huenupán F, Yoma NB, Molina C, Garretón C (2008) Confidence based multiple classifier fusion in speaker verification. Pattern Recogn Lett 29(7):957–966

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Jain AK, Ross A, Prabhakar S (2004) An introduction to biometric recognition. IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol 14(1):4–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Kittler J, Alkoot FM (2003) Sum versus vote fusion in multiple classifier systems. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 25(1):110–115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kittler J, Hatef M, Duin RP, Matas J (1998) On combining classifiers. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 20(3):226–239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kolmogorov A The representation of continuous functions of many variables by superposition of continuous functions of one variable and addition

  17. Kuncheva LI (2004) Combining pattern classifiers: methods and algorithms. Wiley

  18. Kuncheva LI, Bezdek JC, Duin RP (2001) Decision templates for multiple classifier fusion: an experimental comparison. Pattern Recogn 34(2):299–314

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Kuncheva LI, Whitaker CJ (2003) Measures of diversity in classifier ensembles and their relationship with the ensemble accuracy. Mach Learn 51(2):181–207

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Lam L (2000) Classifier combinations: implementations and theoretical issues. In: Multiple Classifier Systems. Springer, pp 77–86

  21. Ma L, Liu X, Song L, Liu Y, Zhou C, Zhao X, Zhao Y (2014) A new classifier fusion method based on confusion matrix and classification confidence for recognizing common ct imaging signs of lung diseases. In: SPIE Medical Imaging, pp. 90,351H–90,351H. International Society for Optics and Photonics

  22. Mallat SG (1989) A theory for multiresolution signal decomposition: the wavelet representation. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 11(7):674–693

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Maltoni D, Maio D, Jain AK, Prabhakar S (2009) Handbook of fingerprint recognition. springer

  24. Mi A, Huo Z (2011) Experimental comparison of six fixed classifier fusion rules. Proced Eng 23:429–433

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Møller MF (1993) A scaled conjugate gradient algorithm for fast supervised learning. Neur Netw 6(4):525–533

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Mukhopadhyay S, Dash JK, Das Gupta R (2013) Content-based texture image retrieval using fuzzy class membership. Pattern Recogn Lett 34(6):646–654

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Ojala T, Maenpaa T, Pietikainen M, Viertola J, Kyllonen J, Huovinen S (2002) Outex-new framework for empirical evaluation of texture analysis algorithms. In: Proceedings 16th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2002, vol 1. IEEE, pp 701–706

  28. Ojala T, Mäenpää T, Viertola J, Kyllönen J, Pietikäinen M (2002) Empirical evaluation of mpeg-7 texture descriptors with a large-scale experiment. In: Proceedings 2nd International Workshop on Texture Analysis and Synthesis, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp 99–102

  29. Polikar R (2006) Ensemble based systems in decision making. IEEE Circ Syst Mag 6(3):21–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Quost B, Masson MH, Denœux T (2011) Classifier fusion in the dempster–shafer framework using optimized t-norm based combination rules. Int J Approx Reason 52(3):353–374

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  31. Ranawana R, Palade V (2006) Multi-classifier systems: Review and a roadmap for developers. Int J Hybrid Int Syst 3(1):35–61

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  32. Roli F, Kittler J, Fumera G, Muntoni D (2002) An experimental comparison of classifier fusion rules for multimodal personal identity verification systems. In: Multiple Classifier Systems. Springer, pp 325–335

  33. Roli F, Raudys Ṡ, Marcialis GL (2002) An experimental comparison of fixed and trained fusion rules for crisp classifier outputs. In: Multiple Classifier Systems. Springer, pp 232–241

  34. Sinha A, Chen H, Danu D, Kirubarajan T, Farooq M (2008) Estimation and decision fusion: A survey. Neurocomputing 71(13):2650–2656

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. University of Sourthern California, Signal and Image Processing Institute. Rotated Textures, [Online]. Available: http://sipi.usc.edu/services/database/Databaese.html

  36. Woźniak M, Graña M, Corchado E (2014) A survey of multiple classifier systems as hybrid systems. Inf Fusion 16:3–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Xiang B, Berger T (2003) Efficient text-independent speaker verification with structural gaussian mixture models and neural network. IEEE Trans Speech Audio Process 11(5):447–456

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Xu L, Krzyzak A, Suen CY (1992) Methods of combining multiple classifiers and their applications to handwriting recognition. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 22(3):418–435

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work has been supported by Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Department of Electronics and Information Technology, Govt. of India, Grant number 1(3)2009-ME&TMD and 1(2)2013-ME&TMD/ESDA. Thanks to Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur for funding our research. Authors are thankful to National Institute of Science and Technology, Berhmapur, Odisha, India 761008 for extending its research facility.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jatindra Kumar Dash.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Dash, J.K., Mukhopadhyay, S. & Gupta, R.D. Multiple classifier system using classification confidence for texture classification. Multimed Tools Appl 76, 2535–2556 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-3231-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-3231-z

Keywords

Navigation