Abstract
The task of matching observations of the same person in disjoint views captured by non-overlapping cameras is known as the person re-identification problem. It is challenging owing to low-quality images, inter-object occlusions, and variations in illumination, viewpoints and poses. Unlike previous approaches that learn Mahalanobis-like distance metrics, we propose a novel approach based on dictionary learning that takes the advances of sparse coding of discriminatingly and cross-view invariantly encoding features representing different people. Firstly, we propose a robust and discriminative feature extraction method of different feature levels. The feature representations are projected to a lower computation common subspace. Secondly, we learn a single cross-view invariant dictionary for each feature level for different camera views and a fusion strategy is utilized to generate the final matching results. Experimental statistics show the superior performance of our approach by comparing with state-of-the-art methods on two publicly available benchmark datasets VIPeR and PRID 2011.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aharon M, Elad M, Bruckstein A (2006) K-svd: an algorithm for designing overcomplete dictionaries for sparse representation. Proc IEEE Trans Signal Process 54 (11):4311–4322
Ahmed E, Jones M, Marks T K (2015) An improved deep learning architecture for person re-identification. In: Proceedings IEEE computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 3908–3916
Beck A, Teboulle M (2009) A fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm for linear inverse problems. SIAM J Imag Sci 2(1):183–202
Dong S C, Cristani M, Stoppa M, Bazzani L, Murino V (2011) Custom pictorial structures for re-identification. In: Proceedings brit mach vis conf, BMVC, pp 68.1–68.11
Engel C, Baumgartner P, Holzmann M, Nutzel J F (2010) Person re-identification by support vector ranking. In: Proceedings brit mach vis conf, BMVC, pp 21.1–21.11
Farenzena M, Bazzani L, Perina A, Murino V (2010) Person re-identification by symmetry-driven accumulation of local features. In: Proceedings IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 2360–2367
Fisher B R (2012) The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems. Ann Eugen 7(2):179–188
Gong S, Cristani M, Yan S et al (2014) Person re-identification, 1st edn
Gray D, Tao H (2008) Viewpoint invariant pedestrian recognition with an ensemble of localized features. In: Proceedings eur conf computer vision, pp 262–275. ECCV
Gu S, Zhang L, Zuo W, Feng X (2014) Projective dictionary pair learning for pattern classification. In: Proceedings advances in neural information processing systems, pp 793–801
Hirzer M, Beleznai C, Roth PM, Bischof H (2011) Person re-identification by descriptive and discriminative classification. In: Proceedings Scandinavian conference on image analysis, vol 6688, pp 91–102
Hirzer M, Roth P M, Stinger M, Bischof H (2012) Relaxed pairwise learned metric for person re-identification. In: Proceedings ECCV, vol 7577, pp 780–793
Jiang Z, Lin Z, Davis LS (2003) Label consistent K-SVD: learning a discriminative dictionary for recognition. Proc IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 35(11):2651–2664
Jing XY, Zhu X, Wu F, You X, Liu Q et al (2015) Super-resolution person re-identification with semi-coupled low-rank discriminant dictionary learning. In: Proceedings computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 695–704
Jurie F, Mignon A (2012) PCCA: a new approach for distance learning from sparse pairwise constraints. In: Proceedings IEEE conf comput vis pattern recog, pp 2666–2672
Karanam S, Li Y, Radke RJ (2015) Person re-identification with discriminatively trained viewpoint invariant dictionaries. In: Proceedings IEEE international conference on computer vision, pp 4516–4524
Karanam S, Gou M, Wu Z, Rates-Borras A, Camps O, Radke RJ (2016) A comprehensive evaluation and benchmark for person re-identification: features, metrics, and datasets
Kodirov E, Xiang T, Gong S (2015) Dictionary learning with iterative laplacian regularisation for unsupervised person re-identification. In: Proceedings British machine vision conference, pp 44.1–44.12
Kostinger M, Hirzer M, Wohlhart P, Roth PM, Bischof H (2012) Large scale metric learning from equivalence constraints. In: Proceedings IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 2288–2295
Layne R, Hospedales T M, Gong S (2014) Attributes-Based Re-identification. In: Proceedings advances in computer vision & pattern recognition, pp 93–117
Li Y, Lu H, Li J et al (2016) Underwater image de-scattering and classification by deep neural network. In: Computers and electrical engineering, pp 68–77
Liao S, Zhao G, Kellokumpu V, Pietikainen M, Li SZ (2010) Modeling pixel process with scale invariant local patterns for background subtraction in complex scenes. In: Proceedings IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 1301–1306
Liao S, Hu Y, Zhu X, Li S Z (2015) Person re-identification by local maximal occurrence representation and metric learning. Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recog 8(4):2197–2206
Lisanti G, Masi I, Bagdanov A D, Bimbo A D (2013) Person re-identification by iterative re-weighted sparse ranking. Proc IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 37 (8):1629–42
Lisanti G, Masi I, Bimbo A D (2014) Matching people across camera views using kernel canonical correlation analysis Proceedings of the international conference on distributed smart cameras, ICDSC ’14. ACM, New York, pp 10:1–10:6
Liu X, Song M, Tao D, Zhou X et al (2014) Semi-supervised coupled dictionary learning for person re- identification. In: Proceedings IEEE conference computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 3550–3557
Liu X, Wang H, Wu Y et al (2015) An ensemble color model for human re-identification. In: Applications of computer vision, pp 868–875
Lu H, Li B, Zhu J et al (2016) Wound intensity correction and segmentation with convolutional neural networks. In: Concurrency and computation practice and experience
Lu HM, Li YJ, Uemura T, Ge ZY, Xu X, He L, Serikawa S, Kim H (2017) FDCNet: filtering deep convolutional network for marine organism classification. In: Multimedia tools and applications, pp 1–14
Lu H M, Li Y J, Zhang Y D, Chen M, Serikawa S, Kim H (2017) Underwater optical image processing: a comprehensive review. In: Mobile networks and applications, pp 1–12
Ma B, Yu S, Jurie F (2012) BiCov: a novel image representation for person re-identification and face verification. In: Proceedings brit. mach. vis. conf., BMVC, pp 57.1–57.11
Moghaddam B, Jebara T, Pentland A (2000) Bayesian face recognition. Pattern Recogn 33(11):1771–1782
Paisitkriangkrai S, Shen C, Anton VDH (2015) Learning to rank in person re-identification with metric ensembles. In: Proceedings computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 1846–1855
Pedagadi S, Orwell J, Velastin S, Boghossian B (2013) Local fisher discriminant analysis for pedestrian re-identification. In: Proceedings IEEE conf. comput. vis. pattern recog., pp 3318–3325
Peng P, Xiang T, Wang Y, Pontil M, Gong S, Huang T et al (2016) Unsupervised cross-dataset transfer learning for person re-identification. In: Proceedings IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 1306–1315
Roth PM, Hirzer M, Koestinger M, Beleznai C, Bischof H (2014) Mahalanobis distance learning for person re-identification. In Person re-identification. Springer, pp 247–267
Sheng L, Ming S, Yun F (2015) Cross-view projective dictionary learning for person re-identification. In: Proceedings international joint conference on artificial intelligence. IJCAI
Shi Z, Hospedales TM, Xiang T (2015) Transferring a semantic representation for person re-identification and search. In: Proceedings computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 4184–4193
Tibshirani R (2011) Regression shrinkage and selection via the lasso. J R Stat Soc 73(3):273–282
Wang T, Gong S, Zhu X, Wang S (2014) Person re-identification by video ranking. Proc Eur Conf Comput Vis 8692:688–703
Wu L, Shen C, Hengel A V D (2016) PersonNet: person Re-identification with deep convolutional neural networks
Xiong F, Gou M, Camps O, Sznaier M (2014) Person re-identification using kernel-based metric learning methods. In: Proceedings ECCA, vol 8695, pp 1–16
Xu X, He L, Shimada A, Taniguchi RI, Lu H (2016) Learning unified binary codes for cross-modal retrieval via latent semantic hashing. In: Neurocomputing, pp 191–203
Yang Y, Yang J, Yan J et al (2014) Salient color names for person re-identification. In: Proceedings European conference on computer vision, pp 536–551
Zeng M, Wu Z, Tian C, Hu L (2015) Efficient person re-identification by hybrid spatiogram and covariance descriptor. In: Proceedings IEEE conference computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 48–56
Zhang Q, Li B (2010) Discriminative k-svd for dictionary learning in face recognition. In: Proceedings IEEE conference computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 2691–2698
Zhang L, Xiang T, Gong S (2016) Learning a discriminative null space for person re-identification, pp 1239–1248
Zhang Y, Li B, Lu H, Irie A, Ruan X (2016) Sample-specific svm learning for person re-identification. In: Proceedings IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 1278–1287
Zhao R, Ouyang W, Wang X (2013) Unsupervised salience learning for person re-identification. In: Proceedings IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, vol 9. IEEE Computer Society, pp 3586–3593
Zheng W S, Gong S, Xiang T (2013) Re-identification by relative distance comparison. Proc IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 35(3):653–668
Zheng L, Wang S, Tian L, He F, Liu Z, Tian Q (2015) Query-adaptive late fusion for image search and person re-identification. In: Proceedings IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, CVPR, pp 1741–1750
Acknowledgements
This work has been supported by New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education under Grant NCET-12-0358, and Program of Shanghai Technology Research Leader under Grant 16XD1424400.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, Y., Guo, J., Huang, Z. et al. Sparse coding with cross-view invariant dictionaries for person re-identification. Multimed Tools Appl 77, 10715–10732 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-4893-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-4893-5