Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Enhanced reliable reactive routing (ER3) protocol for multimedia applications in 3D wireless sensor networks

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Sensor networks designed especially for the multimedia applications require high data rate and better Quality of Service (QoS). Offering a reliable and energy efficient routing technique in a harsh and complex three-dimensional (3-D) environment for multimedia applications is a challenging job. Geo-routing and geometric routing have been efficient routing schemes for two-dimensional (2-D), but are unable to work properly for 3-D sensor networks. In order to enhance the resilience to link the dynamics in the 3-D sensor network, in this research an Enhanced Reliable Reactive Routing (ER3) is proposed. ER3 is an advancement to the existing reactive routing schemes, to provide energy efficient and reliable routing of data packets in the complex 3-D sensor networks for multimedia applications. The major attraction of ER3 is its backoff scheme, which occurs in the route discovery phase. In backoff scheme robust pilot paths formed between the source and destination are calculated to enable cooperative forwarding of the data packets. The data packets in ER3 are forwarded greedily to the destination from the source and doesn’t require any prior location information of the nodes. The encompassing simulations suggest that the ER3 outperforms the existing routing protocols on the basis of energy efficiency, low latency and high packet delivery ratio.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Akyildiz IF, Su W, Sankarasubramaniam Y, Cayirci E (2002) Wireless sensor networks: a survey. Comput Netw 38(4):393–422

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Biswas S, Morris R (2005) ExOR: opportunistic multi-hop routing for wireless networks. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 35(4):133–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Boulis A (2011) Castalia: a simulator for wireless sensor networks and body area networks. NICTA Natl. ICT Aust

  4. Bruckner D, Picus C, Velik R, Herzner W, Zucker G (2012) Hierarchical semantic processing architecture for smart sensors in surveillance networks. Ind Informatics, IEEE Trans 8(2):291–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Bruno R, Nurchis M (2010) Survey on diversity-based routing in wireless mesh networks: challenges and solutions. Comput Commun 33(3):269–282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Cao Q, Abdelzaher T, He T, Kravets R (2007) Cluster-based forwarding for reliable end-to-end delivery in wireless sensor networks. In IEEE INFOCOM 2007-26th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications, 1928–1936

  7. Chachulski S, Jennings M, Katti S, Katabi D (2007) Trading structure for randomness in wireless opportunistic routing, vol. 37, no. 4. ACM

  8. Coronel P, Doss R, Schott W (2007) Geographic routing with cooperative relaying and leapfrogging in wireless sensor networks. In Global Telecommunications Conference, 2007. GLOBECOM’07. IEEE, 646–651

  9. Dhurandher SK, Sharma DK, Woungang I, Saini A (2015) An energy-efficient history-based routing scheme for opportunistic networks. Int J Commun Syst p. n/a-n/a

  10. Durocher S, Kirkpatrick D, Narayanan L (2008) On routing with guaranteed delivery in three-dimensional ad hoc wireless networks. In Distributed Computing and Networking, Springer, pp. 546–557

  11. Fang Q, Gao J, Guibas LJ, De Silva V, Zhang L (2005) GLIDER: Gradient landmark-based distributed routing for sensor networks. In INFOCOM 2005. 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Proceedings IEEE 1:339–350

  12. Flury R, Wattenhofer RR (2008) Randomized 3D geographic routing. In INFOCOM 2008. The 27th Conference on Computer Communications. IEEE

  13. Fouchal H, Hunel P, Ramassamy C (2014) Towards efficient deployment of wireless sensor networks. Secur Commun Networks p. n/a-n/a

  14. Gungor VC, Hancke GP (2009) Industrial wireless sensor networks: challenges, design principles, and technical approaches. Ind Electron IEEE Trans 56(10):4258–4265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Huang X, Zhai H, Fang Y (2008) Robust cooperative routing protocol in mobile wireless sensor networks. Wirel Commun IEEE Trans 7(12):5278–5285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Huang H, Hu G, Yu F (2013) Energy-aware geographic routing in wireless sensor networks with anchor nodes. Int J Commun Syst 26(1):100–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Karp B, Kung H.-T (2000) GPSR: Greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks. In Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking, pp 243–254

  18. Katti S, Rahul H, Hu W, Katabi D, Médard M, Crowcroft J (2006) XORs in the air: practical wireless network coding. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 36(4):243–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Lam SS, Qian C (2011) Geographic routing in d-dimensional spaces with guaranteed delivery and low stretch. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems, 257–268

  20. Mao X, Tang S, Xu X, Li X-Y, Ma H (2011) Energy-efficient opportunistic routing in wireless sensor networks. Parallel Distrib Syst IEEE Trans 22(11):1934–1942

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Marina MK, Das SR (2001) On-demand multipath distance vector routing in ad hoc networks. In Network Protocols, 2001. Ninth International Conference on, pp 14–23

  22. Perkins CE, Royer EM (1999) Mobile computing systems and applications. In WMCSA’99. Second IEEE Workshop, pp. 90–100

  23. Perkins C, Belding-Royer E, Das S (2003) Ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing

  24. Royer EM, Toh C-K (1999) A review of current routing protocols for ad hoc mobile wireless networks. Pers Commun IEEE 6(2):46–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Rozner E, Seshadri J, Mehta YA, Qiu L (2009) SOAR: simple opportunistic adaptive routing protocol for wireless mesh networks. Mob Comput IEEE Trans 8(12):1622–1635

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Sanchez JA, Marin-Perez R, Ruiz PM (2007) BOSS: beacon-less on demand strategy for geographic routing inwireless sensor networks. In Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems, 2007. MASS 2007. IEEE International Conference on, 1–10

  27. Sarkar R, Yin X, Gao J, Luo F, Gu XD (2009) Greedy routing with guaranteed delivery using ricci flows. In Information Processing in Sensor Networks, 2009. IPSN 2009. International Conference on, 121–132

  28. Shah RC, Wiethölter S, Wolisz A, Rabaey JM (2005) When does opportunistic routing make sense? In Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops, 2005. PerCom 2005 Workshops. Third IEEE International Conference on, 350–356

  29. Shamsan Saleh AM, Ali BM, Rasid MFA, Ismail A (2014) A survey on energy awareness mechanisms in routing protocols for wireless sensor networks using optimization methods. Trans Emerg Telecommun Technol 25(12):1184–1207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Shu L, Zhang Y, Yang LT, Wang Y, Hauswirth M, Xiong N (2010) TPGF: geographic routing in wireless multimedia sensor networks. Telecommun Syst 44(1–2):79–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Singh VK, Sharma G, Kumar M (2017) Compressed sensing based acoustic event detection in protected area networks with wireless multimedia sensors. Multimed Tools Appl:1–25

  32. Sun Y, Gurewitz O, Du S, Tang L, Johnson DB (2009) ADB: an efficient multihop broadcast protocol based on asynchronous duty-cycling in wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, 43–56

  33. Sun Z, Wu W, Wang H, Chen H, Xing X (2014) A novel coverage algorithm based on event-probability-driven mechanism in wireless sensor network. EURASIP J Wirel Commun Netw 2014(1):1–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Wang J, Zhai H, Liu W, Fang Y (2004) Reliable and efficient packet forwarding by utilizing path diversity in wireless ad hoc networks. MILCOM 1:258

    Google Scholar 

  35. Watfa M, Yaghi L (2010) An efficient online-battery aware geographic routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks. Int J Commun Syst 23(1):41–61

    Google Scholar 

  36. Zeng K, Lou W, Yang J, Brown DR III (2007) On throughput efficiency of geographic opportunistic routing in multihop wireless networks. Mob Networks Appl 12(5–6):347–357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Zeng W, Sarkar R, Luo F, Gu X, Gao J (2010) Resilient routing for sensor networks using hyperbolic embedding of universal covering space. In INFOCOM, 2010 Proceedings IEEE, 1–9

  38. Zorzi M, Rao RR (2003) Geographic random forwarding (GeRaF) for ad hoc and sensor networks: energy and latency performance. Mob Comput IEEE Trans 2(4):349–365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Zorzi M, Rao RR (2003) Geographic random forwarding (GeRaF) for ad hoc and sensor networks: multihop performance. Mob Comput IEEE Trans 2(4):337–348

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. IIIT, Allahabad, India

    Niharika Anand & Shirshu Varma

  2. University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK

    Gaurav Sharma & Stilianos Vidalis

Authors
  1. Niharika Anand
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shirshu Varma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Gaurav Sharma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Stilianos Vidalis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Niharika Anand.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Anand, N., Varma, S., Sharma, G. et al. Enhanced reliable reactive routing (ER3) protocol for multimedia applications in 3D wireless sensor networks. Multimed Tools Appl 77, 16927–16946 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-5261-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-5261-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation