Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

An adaptive reversible data hiding scheme based on prediction error histogram shifting by exploiting signed-digit representation

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A prediction error histogram shifting (PEHS)-based reversible data hiding scheme is proposed in this paper. A novel representation for the secret stream, called signed-digit representation, is proposed to improve the image quality. The secret binary stream is first converted into a signed-digit stream, which results in a high occurrence of ‘0’. Meanwhile, a block-wise-based prediction is performed on the original image to generate prediction errors, which lead to a sharp prediction error histogram. Then, the converted signed-digit stream is embedded into the prediction errors according to the improved histogram shifting (HS)-based scheme with multiple selected peak points, resulting in an adaptive embedding capacity. The experimental results validate that the proposed scheme outperforms state-of-the-art schemes in terms of embedding capacity while maintaining a good image quality.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Alattar AM (2004) Reversible watermark using the difference expansion of a generalized integer transform. IEEE Trans Image Process 13(8):1147–1156

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. Barton JM (2018) Method and apparatus for embedding authentication information within digital data. https://patents.google.com/patent/US6523114, accessed 22 February 2018

  3. Celik MU, Sharma G, Tekalp AM, Saber E (2005) Lossless generalized-LSB data embedding. IEEE Trans Image Process 14(2):253–266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Celik MU, Sharma G, Tekalp AM (2006) Lossless watermarking for image authentication: a new framework and an implementation. IEEE Trans Image Process 15(4):1042–1049

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Fallahpour M, Sedaaghi MH (2007) High capacity lossless data hiding based on histogram modification. IEICE Electron Express 4(7):205–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. He W, Xiong G, Zhou K, Cai J (2016) Reversible data hiding based on multilevel histogram modification and pixel value grouping. J Vis Commun Image Represent 40:459–469

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. He W, Cai J, Zhou K, Xiong G (2017) Efficient PVO-based reversible data hiding using multistage blocking and prediction accuracy matrix. J Vis Commun Image Represent 46:58–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. He W, Zhou K, Cai J, Wang L, Xiong G (2017) Reversible data hiding using multi-pass pixel value ordering and prediction-error expansion. J Vis Commun Image Represent 49:351–360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Hong W, Chen TS, Shiu CW (2009) Reversible data hiding for high quality images using modification of prediction errors. J Syst Softw 82(11):1833–1842

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Horng SJ, Rosiyadi D, Fan P, Wang X, Khan MK (2014) An adaptive watermarking scheme for e-government document images. Multimed Tools Appl 72(3):3085–3103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Hsiao JY, Lin ZY, Chen PY (2017) Reversible data hiding based on pairwise prediction-error histogram. J Inf Sci Eng 33(2):289–304

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Hu YC, Tsai PY, Yeh JS, Chen WL (2015) Residual histogram shifting technique based on cascading prediction for reversible data hiding. Advanced multimedia and ubiquitous engineering, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2015, pp. 105–110

  13. Jung KH (2017) A high-capacity reversible data hiding scheme based on sorting and prediction in digital images. Multimed Tools Appl 76(11):13127–13137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Lee SK, Suh YH, Ho YS (2006) Reversible image authentication based on watermarking. Proceedings of IEEE international conference on multimedia expo,(Toronto, Canada, July 2006, pp. 1321–1324

  15. Liu L, Chang CC, Wang A (2016) Reversible data hiding scheme based on histogram shifting of n-bit planes. Multimed Tools Appl 75(18):11311–11326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Muzzarelli M, Carli M, Boato G, Egiazarian K (2010) Reversible watermarking via histogram shifting and least square optimization. Proceedings of ACM workshop on multimedia and security, New York, USA, Sep. 2010, pp. 147–152

  17. Ni Z, Shi YQ, Ansari N, Su W (2006) Reversible data hiding. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 16(3):354–361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Tang Z, Xu S, Yao H, Qin C, Zhang X (2019) Reversible data hiding with differential compression in encrypted image. Multimed Tools Appl 78(8):9691–9715

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Tang Z, Xu S, Ye D, Wang J, Zhang X, Yu C (2019) Real-time reversible data hiding with shifting block histogram of pixel differences in encrypted image. J Real-Time Image Proc 16(3):709–724

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Tian J (2003) Reversible data embedding using a difference expansion. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 13(8):890–896

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Tsai PY, Hu YC, Yeh HL (2009) Reversible image hiding scheme using predictive coding and histogram shifting. Signal Process 89(6):1129–1143

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Wang J, Ni J, Zhang X, Shi YQ (2017) Rate and distortion optimization for reversible data hiding using multiple histogram shifting. IEEE Trans Cybern 47(2):315–326

    Google Scholar 

  23. Weng S, Chen Y, Ou B (2019) Improved K-pass pixel value ordering based data hiding. IEEE Access 7:34570–34582

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Xuan G, Chen J, Zhu J, Shi YQ, Ni Z, Su W (2004) High capacity lossless data hiding based on integer wavelet transform. Proceedings of IEEE international symposium on circuits system, Vancouver, Canada, May 2004, pp. 29–32

  25. Yan Y, Cao W, Li S (2009) High capacity reversible image authentication based on difference image watermarking. Proceedings of IEEE international workshop on image system technology, Shenzhen, China, May 2009, pp. 179–182

  26. Yang Y, Zhang W, Liang D, Yu N (2016) Reversible data hiding in medical images with enhanced contrast in texture area. Digital Signal Process 52:13–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Yu C, Zhang X, Tang Z, Xie X (2018) Separable and error-free reversible data hiding in encrypted image based on two-layer pixel errors. IEEE Access 6:76956–76969

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zhou NR, Hou WMX, Wen RH, Zou WP (2018) Imperceptible digital watermarking scheme in multiple transform domains. Multimed Tools Appl 77(23):30251–30267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Zhou NR, Lou AW, Zou WP (2019) Secure and robust watermark scheme based on multiple transforms and particle swarm optimization algorithm. Multimed Tools Appl 78(2):2507–2523

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by Education and Scientific Research Project of Fujian Province under Grant JT180436, Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province under Grant 2018 J01572 and Open Fund of Engineering Research Center for Software Testing and Evaluation of Fujian Province.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Engineering Research Center for Software Testing and Evaluation of Fujian Province, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China

    Xiao-Zhu Xie

  2. Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, 40724, Taiwan

    Xiao-Zhu Xie & Chin-Chen Chang

  3. Department of Computer Science and Information Management, Providence University, Taichung, 40724, Taiwan

    Yu-Chen Hu

Authors
  1. Xiao-Zhu Xie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chin-Chen Chang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yu-Chen Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chin-Chen Chang.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Xie, XZ., Chang, CC. & Hu, YC. An adaptive reversible data hiding scheme based on prediction error histogram shifting by exploiting signed-digit representation. Multimed Tools Appl 79, 24329–24346 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-08402-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-08402-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation