Skip to main content
Log in

Individual identification of dairy cows based on convolutional neural networks

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Individual identification of each cow is significant for precision livestock farming. In this paper, we propose a novel contactless cow identification method based on convolutional neural networks. We first collected a set of side-view images of dairy cows, then employed the YOLO model to detect the cow object in the side-view image, and finally fine-tuned a convolutional neural network model to classify each individual cow. In our experiments, a total of 105 side-view images of cows were collected, and the proposed method achieved an accuracy of 96.65% in cow identification, which outperformed existing experiments. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for cow identification and the potential for our method to be applied to other livestock.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Chen X, Li Q, Song Y, Jin X, Zhao Q (2012) Supervised geodesic propagation for semantic label transfer. In: European Conference on Computer Vision, 2012. Springer, 553–565

  2. Girshick R (2015) Fast r-cnn. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision, 2015. 1440–1448

  3. Girshick R, Donahue J, Darrell T, Malik J (2014) Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, 2014. pp 580–587

  4. He K, Zhang X, Ren S, Sun J (2016) Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, 2016. pp 770–778

  5. Huang G, Liu Z, Van Der Maaten L, Weinberger KQ (2017) Densely connected convolutional networks. In: CVPR, 2017. vol 2. p 3

  6. Jin X, Wu L, Li X, Chen S, Peng S, Chi J, Ge S, Song C, Zhao G (2018) Predicting aesthetic score distribution through cumulative jensen-shannon divergence. In: AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), New Orleans, Lousiana, USA

  7. Johnston A, Edwards D, Hofmann E, Wrench P, Sharples F, Hiller R, Welte W, Diederichs K (1996) 1418001. Welfare implications of identification of cattle by ear tags. Vet Record 138(25):612–614

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Kaixuan Z, He D (2015) Recognition of individual dairy cattle based on convolutional neural networks. Trans Chin Soc Agric Eng (Trans CSAE) 31(5):181–187

    Google Scholar 

  9. Krizhevsky A, Sutskever I, Hinton GE (2012) Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: Advances in neural information processing systems, 2012. pp 1097–1105

  10. Kühl HS, Burghardt T (2013) Animal biometrics: quantifying and detecting phenotypic appearance. Trends Ecol Evol 28(7):432–441

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kumar S, Tiwari S, Singh SK (2016) Face recognition of cattle: can it be done? Proc Ntnl Acad Sci, India Sect A: Phys Sci 86(2):137–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kumar S, Pandey A, Satwik KSR, Kumar S, Singh SK, Singh AK, Mohan A (2018) Deep learning framework for recognition of cattle using muzzle point image pattern. Measurement 116:1–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Li Q, Chen X, Song Y, Zhang Y, Jin X, Zhao Q (2014) Geodesic propagation for semantic labeling. IEEE Trans Image Process 23(11):4812–4825

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Lin T-Y, Maire M, Belongie S, Hays J, Perona P, Ramanan D, Dollár P, Zitnick CL (2014) Microsoft coco: Common objects in context. In: European conference on computer vision, 2014. Springer, pp 740–755

  15. Lu H, Li B, Zhu J, Li Y, Li Y, Xu X, He L, Li X, Li J, Serikawa S (2017) Wound intensity correction and segmentation with convolutional neural networks. Concur Comput: Pract Exp 29(6):e3927

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Lu H, Li Y, Uemura T, Kim H, Serikawa S (2018) Low illumination underwater light field images reconstruction using deep convolutional neural networks. Futur Gener Comput Syst 82:142–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lu H, Li Y, Mu S, Wang D, Kim H, Serikawa S (2018) Motor anomaly detection for unmanned aerial vehicles using reinforcement learning. IEEE Internet Things J 5(4):2315–2322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Lu H, Li Y, Chen M, Kim H, Serikawa S (2018) Brain intelligence: go beyond artificial intelligence. Mob Netwo Appl 23(2):368–375

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Redmon J, Farhadi A (2017) YOLO9000: better, faster, stronger. arXiv preprint

  20. Redmon J, Divvala S, Girshick R, Farhadi A (2016) You only look once: unified, real-time object detection. Proc IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recognit 2016:779–788

  21. Ren S, He K, Girshick R, Sun J (2015) Faster r-cnn: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. Adv Neural Inf Proces Syst 2015:91–99

  22. Serikawa S, Lu H (2014) Underwater image dehazing using joint trilateral filter. Comput Electr Eng 40(1):41–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Simonyan K, Zisserman A (2014) Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:14091556

  24. Viola P, Jones MJ (2004) Robust real-time face detection. Int J Comput Vis 57(2):137–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Voulodimos AS, Patrikakis CZ, Sideridis AB, Ntafis VA, Xylouri EM (2010) A complete farm management system based on animal identification using RFID technology. Comput Electron Agric 70(2):380–388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Zhang L, Yang Y, Gao Y, Yu Y, Wang C, Li X (2014) A probabilistic associative model for segmenting weakly supervised images. IEEE Trans Image Process 23(9):4150–4159

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  27. Zhang Y, Gravina R, Lu H, Villari M, Fortino G (2018) PEA: parallel electrocardiogram-based authentication for smart healthcare systems. J Netw Comput Appl 117:10–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zin TT, Phyo CN, Tin P, Hama H, Kobayashi I (2018) Image Technology based Cow Identification System Using Deep Learning. In: Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2016YFD0700204-02, in part by the Dong Nong Scholar Program of Northeast Agricultural University under Grant 17XG20, in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China under Grant QC2018074, in part by the Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs under Grant 2018AIOT-02, and in part by the China Agriculture Research System under Grant CARS-36.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Baisheng Dai.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Shen, W., Hu, H., Dai, B. et al. Individual identification of dairy cows based on convolutional neural networks. Multimed Tools Appl 79, 14711–14724 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-7344-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-7344-7

Keywords

Navigation