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Commutative fragile zero-watermarking and encryption for image integrity protection

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Abstract

With the increasing demands of privacy protection and integrity protection of digital images, attention has been drawn to the commutativity of watermarking and encryption. In some of the existing works, watermarking and image encryption are commutative, but watermark detection and image decryption are not commutative. Meanwhile, in some other schemes, watermark detection and image decryption are commutative, but the order of watermarking and image encryption is fixed. The existing schemes cannot meet the requirement of commutativity. Therefore, we propose a novel commutative zero-watermarking and encryption scheme, in which the commutativity is equipped in both the phases of watermarking and image encryption and the phases of watermark detection and image decryption. The proposed scheme is fragile, and the zero-watermarking will not cause any modification of the image. Experiments show that the proposed scheme is effective and feasible. The illegal tampered area of the zero-watermarked image can be accurately detected and located.

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Acknowledgements

The work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61602158, 61572089, 61502399, 61772176), the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Science and Technology Commission (Grant No. cstc2017jcyjBX0008), the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software, the Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province (182102210374), the Science Foundation for the Excellent Youth Scholars of Henan Normal University (YQ201607) and the Chongqing Postgraduate Education Reform Project (Grant No. yjg183018).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China

    Ming Li & Lin Sun

  2. College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China

    Di Xiao

  3. School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia

    Ye Zhu & Yushu Zhang

  4. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China

    Yushu Zhang

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  1. Ming Li
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  2. Di Xiao
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  3. Ye Zhu
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  4. Yushu Zhang
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  5. Lin Sun
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Correspondence to Di Xiao.

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Li, M., Xiao, D., Zhu, Y. et al. Commutative fragile zero-watermarking and encryption for image integrity protection. Multimed Tools Appl 78, 22727–22742 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-7560-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-7560-1

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