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HS-based reversible data hiding scheme using median prediction error

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Abstract

Recently, reversible-data-hiding (RDH) scheme has been developed rapidly. In this paper, based on the local distribution of pixels in a block, (30) a histogram shifting (HS) based RDH scheme using median prediction error is proposed to increase the embedding capacity (EC) and decrease the distortion of stego image. First, we scan an original image to form the non-overlapping blocks. Then each block is sorted for locating its median. So, the median is used as the center to embed data into the pixels distributing on both sides of the median pixel in the block. Finally, the receiver can seek the same median of the block for data extraction and the recovery of the original image. Besides, we use the decomposed location message to modify the original pixels with overflow/underflow. (12) As the median is close to the mean value of block, the generated prediction error histogram is sharper than other schemes, which can provide a high capacity and lower distortion. Thus, the EC of the proposed algorithm outperforms that of the other algorithms. Experiments show the proposed scheme can provide a higher embedding rate and lower distortion as it takes advantage of the local correlation in a block.

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Acknowledgments

In this paper, we would like to thank the anonymous reviewers and associate editor for their comments that greatly improved the paper. This work is partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61304255, the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing under grand no.cstc2019jcyj-msxm2486, and Southwest University (No. SWU1909766, No. SWU1909785).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Business College, Southwest University, Rongchang, Chongqing, China

    Weiqing Wang

  2. School of Software Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, China

    Weihua Wang

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  1. Weiqing Wang
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  2. Weihua Wang
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Correspondence to Weiqing Wang.

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Wang, W., Wang, W. HS-based reversible data hiding scheme using median prediction error. Multimed Tools Appl 79, 18143–18165 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-08682-3

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