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A Robust Watermarking Algorithm for Vector Geographic Data Based on Qim and Matching Detection

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Abstract

Vector geographic data are the fundamental achievements of national information infrastructure, and they play an important role in society’s development. How to protect the copyright of vector geographic data has become a popular issue in the age of big data, and digital watermarking technology can be used to solve this problem. In this paper, a robust and blind watermarking algorithm for vector geographic data is proposed based on the technology of coordinate mapping and matching detection. First, the basic principle for resisting data translation based on quantization index modulation (QIM) and matching detection was analyzed. Second, a watermarking algorithm for vector geographic data was designed based on coordinate mapping, QIM and matching detection. Finally, we performed experiments to test the robustness and adaptability of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed watermarking algorithm is not only robust against the watermarking attacks of data compression, data adding, data deleting, data cropping, feature deleting and data translation but also against composite attack. The proposed algorithm is also suitable for small vector geographic datasets such as point-based data.

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Acknowledgements

The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 41401518 and No. 41801303), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (grant No. BK20140066 and No. BK20170116).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Field Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, 210007, China

    Chengsong Yang, Ting Rui & Jingwei Zhu

  2. Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Changqing Zhu

  3. College of Intelligent Science and Control Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 211169, China

    Yingying Wang & Kaimeng Ding

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  1. Chengsong Yang
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  2. Changqing Zhu
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  3. Yingying Wang
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Contributions

Chengsong Yang has worked to develop this paper. Changqing Zhu and Yingying Wang designed experiments. Ting Rui and Jingwei Zhu analyzed experimental results. Changqing Zhu, Yingying Wang and Kaimeng Ding reviewed the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Changqing Zhu or Yingying Wang.

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Yang, C., Zhu, C., Wang, Y. et al. A Robust Watermarking Algorithm for Vector Geographic Data Based on Qim and Matching Detection. Multimed Tools Appl 79, 30709–30733 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-08916-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-08916-4

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