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Image watermarking using soft computing techniques: A comprehensive survey

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Abstract

Image watermarking techniques are used to provide copyright protection and verify ownership of media/entities. This technique refers to the concept of embedding of secret data/information of an owner in a given media/entity for determining any ownership conflicts that can arise. Many watermarking approaches have been offered by various authors in the last few years. However, there are not enough studies and comparisons of watermarking techniques in soft computing environments. Nowadays, soft computing techniques are used to improve the performance of watermarking algorithms. This paper surveys soft computing-based image watermarking for several applications. We first elaborate on novel applications, watermark characteristics and different kinds of watermarking systems. Then, soft computing based watermarking approaches providing robustness, imperceptibility and good embedding capacity are compared systematically. Furthermore, major issues and potential solutions for soft computing-based watermarking are also discussed to encourage further research in this area. Thus, this survey paper will be helpful for researchers to implement an optimized watermarking scheme for several applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India

    Om Prakash Singh & A. K. Singh

  2. Department of Math and Computer Science, Brandon University, and also associated with the Research Centre for Interneural Computing, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Brandon, MB, Canada

    Gautam Srivastava

  3. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed University), and also associated with the Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Asia University Taiwan, Punjab, India

    Neeraj Kumar

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  1. Om Prakash Singh
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  2. A. K. Singh
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  3. Gautam Srivastava
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  4. Neeraj Kumar
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Correspondence to A. K. Singh.

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Singh, O.P., Singh, A.K., Srivastava, G. et al. Image watermarking using soft computing techniques: A comprehensive survey. Multimed Tools Appl 80, 30367–30398 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09606-x

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