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A novel multi-stage watermarking scheme of vector maps

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Abstract

Vector maps are distributed frequently among various departments and subscribers, and traditional single-stage watermarking technology cannot provide powerful multi-copyright protection of them. In this paper, a novel multi-stage watermarking algorithm is proposed for vector maps, aiming at robustness enhancement and maximum-supported watermark capacity improvement. A watermark generation method is designed based on QR code to shorten watermark length, and watermarks are embedded into polar coordinates of map vertices so as to improve the robustness of the proposed scheme. Another method of copyright information combination is raised to keep watermark length invariant along with the increasing of the total stages of watermark data, and the maximum-supported stages of watermarks can be thus improved without affecting the robustness of watermarking algorithm. Moreover, each stage of copyright information occupies a specified space within the final watermark data, and non-interference among various watermarks can be guaranteed and different copyright data can be efficiently distinguished after watermark extraction. Compared with the existing researches, the proposed scheme can increase effectively the size of maximum-supported watermark capacity, and it has strong robustness under common geometric and non-geometric attacks, which have been validated by both theoretical analysis and comprehensive experiments.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by the Talent Start-up Project of NIGLAS under Grant NIGLAS2018QD07, and in part by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment under Grant 2017ZX07603001.

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  1. Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China

    Yinguo Qiu & Hongtao Duan

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  1. Yinguo Qiu
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  2. Hongtao Duan
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Correspondence to Yinguo Qiu.

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Qiu, Y., Duan, H. A novel multi-stage watermarking scheme of vector maps. Multimed Tools Appl 80, 877–897 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09776-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09776-8

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