Skip to main content
Log in

Deep learning in wheat diseases classification: A systematic review

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The main goal of this paper is to review systematically the recent studies that have been published and discussed WD prediction models. The literature analysis is performed based on studies published from January 1997 to February 2021 by following Kitchenham instructions. After inclusion/exclusion and quality assessment criteria screening, a total of 74 studies have been selected. The literature shows that WD is categorized into three (fungal diseases, bacterial diseases, and insect diseases) types. The research analysis shows that most of the work in the literature has been found on wheat stripe rust (60.81%) disease and the most used prediction technique is ANN (13.32%). The results show that accuracy (67%) is the most prominent performance metric and in the year 2020, a maximum number of papers are published on WD. Also, only five studies have used hybrid approaches which are the combination of SVM and NN techniques.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abbas FI, Mirza NM, Abbas AH, Abbas LH (2020) Enhancement of wheat leaf images using fuzzy-logic based histogram equalization to recognize diseases. Iraqi J Sci 61(9):2408–2417

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Abdollahpour S, Kosari-moghaddam A, Bannayan M (2020) Prediction of wheat moisture content at harvest time through ANN and SVR modeling techniques. Inf. Process. Agric. 7(4):500–510

  3. Abdulhussien WR (2015) Hybrid Expert System for Wheat Diseases Diagnosis Using Fuzzy Logic, Neural Network and Bayesian Method. J Thi-Qar Sci 5(2):80–87

    Google Scholar 

  4. Al-Shamayleh AS, Ahmad R, Abushariah MAM, Alam KA, Jomhari N (2018) A systematic literature review on vision based gesture recognition techniques. Multimed Tools Appl 77(21):28121–28184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Atispha (2018) Russian wheat aphid. https://www.awe.gov.au/biosecurity-trade/pests-diseasesweeds/plant/russian-wheat-aphid. Accessed 10 Apr 2020

  6. Byamukama E (2019) Bacterial leaf blight developing in winter wheat. https://extension.sdstate.edu/bacterialleaf-blight-developing-winter-wheat. Accessed 10 Apr 2020

  7. Balaghi R, Tychon B, Eerens H, Jlibene M (2008) Empirical regression models using NDVI, rainfall and temperature data for the early prediction of wheat grain yields in Morocco. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 10(4):438–452

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bebronne R, Carlier A, Meurs R, Leemans V, Vermeulen P, Dumont B, Mercatoris B (2020)In-field proximal sensing of septoria tritici blotch, stripe rust and brown rust in winter wheat by means of reflectance and textural features from multispectral imagery. Biosyst Eng 197:257–269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bolton MD, Kolmer JA, Garvin DF (2008) Wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina. Mol Plant Pathol 9(5):563–575

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Carol G (2013) Disease profile: leaf blotch diseases of wheat. https://ipcm.wisc.edu/blog/2013/03/disease-profileleaf-blotch-diseases-of-wheat/. Accessed 10 Apr 2020

  11. Chen D, Zhang J, Yuan L (2016) Feature selection and analysis of powdery mildew of winter wheat based on multi-temporal satellite imagery,” In: In Proceedings of the International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service, pp. 251–254

  12. Damaševičius R, Oyewola DO, Dada EG, Misra S (2021) Detecting cassava mosaic disease using a deep residual convolutional neural network with distinct block processing. PeerJ Comput. Sci. 7:e352–e371

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. De Wolf ED, Francl LJ (2000) Neural network classification of tan spot and Stagonospora blotch infection periods in a wheat field environment. Phytopathology 90(2):108–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Dumont B, Mercatoris B, Bebronne R, Michez A, Leemans V, Vermeleun P(2019) Characterisation of fungal diseases on winter wheat crop using proximal and remote multispectral imaging,” In: 12th European Conference on Precision Agriculture, pp. 255–261

  15. Dutta S, Singh SK, Khullar M (2014) A case study on forewarning of yellow rust affected areas on wheat crop using satellite data. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 42(2):335–342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Ennadifi E, Laraba S, Vincke D, Mercatoris B, Gosselin B (2020) Wheat Diseases Classification and Localization Using Convolutional Neural Networks and GradCAM Visualization. In: International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Computer Vision, ISCV 2020, pp. 1–5

  17. Figuera M, Hammond-Kosack K, Solomon P (2010) A review of wheat diseases - a field perspective. Mol Plant Pathol 19(6):1523–1536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Francl LJ, Panigrahi S (1997) Artificial neural network models of wheat leaf wetness. Agric For Meteorol 88(1–4):57–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Fusarium W et al (2019) Using neural network to identify the severity of wheat Fusarium head blight in the field environment. Remote Sens 11(20):2375–2392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Genaev M, Ekaterina S, Afonnikov D (2020) Application of neural networks to image recognition of wheat rust diseases. In: Cognitive Sciences, Genomics and Bioinformatics, pp. 40–42.

  21. Guo M, Ma Y, Yang X, Mankin RW (2019) Detection of damaged wheat kernels using an impact acoustic signal processing technique based on Gaussian modelling and an improved extreme learning machine algorithm. Biosyst Eng 184:37–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Haiguang W, Guanlin L, Zhanhong M, Xiaolong L (2012) Image recognition of plant diseases based on principal component analysis and neural networks. In: 8th International Conference on Natural Computation, pp. 246–251

  23. Han L, Haleem MS, Taylor M (2015) A Novel Computer Vision-based Approach to Automatic Detection and Severity Assessment of Crop Diseases. In: Science and Information Conference, pp. 638–644

  24. Hasan M, Chopin JP, Laga H, Miklavcic SJ (2018) Detection and analysis of wheat spikes using convolutional neural networks. Plant Methods 14(100):1–13

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hirsch CD, Brian JS, Su W-H, Zhang J, Yang C, Rae P, Szinyei T (2021) Automatic evaluation of wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight using dual mask-RCNN deep learning frameworks in computer vision. Remote Sens 13(1):26–42

    Google Scholar 

  26. Holly L (2015) Snow mould in winter cereals. https://andersonscanada.com/2015/04/20/snow-mould-in-wintercereals/. Accessed 10 Apr 2020

  27. Huang H, Deng J, Lan Y, Yang A, Zhang L (2012) Detection of Helminthosporium leaf blotch disease based on UAV imagery. Appl Sci 9(3):558–570

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Huang L, Li T, Ding C, Zhao J, Zhang D, Yang G (2020) Diagnosis of the severity of fusarium head blight of wheat ears on the basis of image and spectral feature fusion. Sensors (Switzerland) 20(10):2887–2904

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Hussain A, Ahmad M, Ali H (2018) Automatic Disease Detection in Wheat Crop using Convolution Neural Network. In: International Conference on Next Generation Computing, pp. 7–10

  30. Islam SMT, Masud A, Rahaman AU, Rabbi MH (2019) Plant Leaf Disease Detection using Mean Value of Pixels and Canny Edge Detector. In: International Conference on Sustainable Technologies for Industry, pp. 1–6

  31. Jahan N, Flores P, Liu Z, Friskop A, Mathew J, Zhang Z (2020) Detecting and distinguishing wheat diseases using image processing and machine learning algorithms. In: An ASABE Meeting Presentation, pp. 2–10

  32. Jiang TL, Maryam T (2008) Wheat common pests and diseases. https://plantvillage.psu.edu/topics/wheat/infos. Accessed 29 Mar 2020

  33. Jiang L et al (2018) A neural network method for the reconstruction of winter wheat yield series based on spatio-temporal heterogeneity. Comput Electron Agric 154, no. June:46–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Jin SWL, Xiu LJ, Wang S, Qi HJ (2018) Classifying wheat hyperspectral pixels of healthy heads and Fusarium head blight disease using a deep neural network in the wild field. Remote Sens 10(3):395–415

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Jinling Z, Yan F, Guomin C, Hao Y, Lei H, Linsheng H (2020) Identification of leaf-scale wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. Tritici) combining hyperspectral imaging and an SVM classifier. Plants 9(8):936

  36. John W (2011) Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus. https://cropwatch.unl.edu/plantdisease/wheat/wheat-streak-mosaic. Accessed 10 Apr 2020

  37. Jorge DS, Elizabeth R, Pierce AP (2016) Rust diseases of wheat. https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/plpath-cer-12. Accessed 29 Mar 2021

  38. Karasi M, Jorge DS, Pierce AP (2016) Fusarium head blight or head scab of wheat, barley and other small grain crops. https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/plpath-cer-06. Accessed 10 Apr 2020

  39. Kitchenham B (2004) Procedures for performing systematic reviews. Keele, UK, Keele Univ 33:1–26

    Google Scholar 

  40. Kuang W, Liu W, Ma Z, Wang H, (2013) Development of a Web-Based Prediction System for Wheat Stripe Rust. In: International Conference on Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture, pp. 324–335

  41. Kumar M, Hazra T, Tripathy SS (2017) Wheat leaf disease detection using image processing. Int J Latest Technol Eng Manag Appl Sci 6(4):73–76

    Google Scholar 

  42. Li J, Gao L, Shen Z (2010) Extraction and analysis of digital images feature of three kinds of wheat diseases,” In: International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, pp. 2543–2548

  43. Lin Z, Member GS, Mu S, Huang F (2019) A unified matrix-based convolutional neural network for fine-grained image classification of wheat leaf diseases. IEEE Access 7:11570–11590

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Line RF (2002) Stripe rust of wheat and barley in North America : A retrospective historical review. Annu Rev Phytopathol 40(1):75–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Lu J, Hu J, Zhao G, Mei F, Zhang C (2017) An in-field automatic wheat disease diagnosis system. Comput Electron Agric 142:369–379

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Luise S, Grant H (2020) Flag smut of wheat. https://extensionaus.com.au/FieldCropDiseasesVic/docs/identification-management-of-field-crop-diseases-invictoria/bunts-and-smuts-of-cereals/flag-smut-of-wheat/. Accessed 10 Apr 2020

  47. Ma J, Li Y, Chen Y, du K, Zheng F, Zhang L, Sun Z (2019) Estimating above ground biomass of winter wheat at early growth stages using digital images and deep convolutional neural network. Eur J Agron 103:117–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Majumdar D, Kole DK, Chakraborty A, Majumder DD (2015) An integrated digital image analysis system for detection, recognition and diagnosis of disease in wheat leaves,” In: Third International Symposium on Women in Computing and Informatics, pp. 400–405

  49. Maria P, Adriana S (2018) Introduction to cereal processing and by-products. In: Sustainable Recovery and Reutilization of Cereal Processing By-Products, pp. 1–25

  50. Mark AM, Natalie PG (2016) Leaf, stem, and stripe rust diseases of wheat.https://aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/_a/A415/welcome.html. Accessed 29 Mar 2020

  51. Mathias IM, Junior LAZ, Matyak LB, Dias AH, Duda RF, Afonso GMS (2016) BRNeural – artificial neural networks simulator with topology multilayer perceptron using the Encog framework. IEEE Lat Am Trans 14(1):309–313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Mi Z, Zhang X, Su J, Han D, Su B (2020) Wheat stripe rust grading by deep learning with attention mechanism and images from Mobile devices. Front Plant Sci 11:1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Mo L(2010) Prediction of Wheat Stripe Rust using Neural Network. In: IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems, pp. 475–479

  54. Moshou D, Bravo C, West J, Wahlen S, McCartney A, Ramon H (2004) Automatic detection of ‘yellow rust’ in wheat using reflectance measurements and neural networks. Comput Electron Agric 44(3):173–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Nithya VS, A. (2011) Wheat disease identification using classification. Int J Sci Eng Res 2(9):1–5

    Google Scholar 

  56. Nie C, Yuan L, Yang X, Wei L (2014) Comparison of Methods for Forecasting Yellow Rust in Winter Wheat at Regional Scale. In: International Conference on Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture, pp. 444–451

  57. Niu X, Wang M, Chen X (2014) Image Segmentation Algorithm for Disease Detection of Wheat Leaves. In: International Conference on Advanced Mechatronic Systems, pp. 270–273.

  58. Özkan K (2019) Identification of wheat kernels by fusion of RGB , SWIR , and VNIR samples. J Sci Food Agric 99(11):4977–4984

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Patricia R, Julia L (2014) Vote counting. https://www.betterevaluation.org/en/evaluation-options/votecounting. Accessed 10 Apr 2020

  60. Picon A, Alvarez-Gila A, Seitz M, Ortiz-Barredo A, Echazarra J, Johannes A (2018) Deep convolutional neural networks for mobile capture device-based crop disease classification in the wild. Comput Electron Agric 161:280–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Pradeep KR (2020), Wheat:Diseases and Symptoms. https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-production/integratedpest-managment/ipm-for-cerels/ipm-strategies-for-wheat/wheat-diseases-and-symptoms. Accessed 10 Apr 2020

  62. Pryzant R, Ermon S, Lobell D (2017) Monitoring Ethiopian Wheat Fungus with Satellite Imagery and Deep Feature Learning. In: IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, vol. 2017-July, pp. 1524–1532

  63. Qiong Z, Huichun Y, Wenjiang H, Yingying D, Hao J, Chongyang W, Dan L, Li W, Shuisen C (2021) Integrating spectral information and meteorological data to monitor wheat yellow rust at a regional scale: A case study. Remote Sensing 13(2):278

  64. Qiong Z, Wenjiang H, Ximin C, Yue S, Linyi L (2018) New spectral index for detecting wheat yellow rust using Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery. Sensors 18(3):868

  65. Qiu R, Yang C, Moghimi A, Zhang M, Steffenson BJ, Hirsch CD (2019) Detection of Fusarium head blight in wheat using a deep neural network and color imaging. Remote Sens 11(22):1–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Raichaudhuri R, Sharma R (2017) On Analysis of Wheat Leaf Infection by Using Image Processing,” In: International Conference on Data Engineering and Communication Technology, pp. 569–577

  67. Ray M, Rai A, Singh KN, Ramasubramanian V, Kumar A (2017) Technology forecasting using time series intervention based trend impact analysis for wheat yield scenario in India. Technol Forecast Soc Change 118:128–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Ruan R, Ning S, Song A, Ning A, Jones R, Chen P (1998) Estimation of Fusarium scab in wheat using machine vision and a neural network. Cereal Chem 75(4):455–459

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Sabrol H, Kumar S (2013) An identification of wheat rust diseases in digital images: a review. Int J Comput Sci Eng Inf Technol Res 3(3):85–94

    Google Scholar 

  70. Sadeghi-Tehran P, Virlet N, Ampe EM, Reyns P, Hawkesford MJ (2019) DeepCount: in-field automatic quantification of wheat spikes using simple linear iterative clustering and deep convolutional neural networks. Front Plant Sci 10:1176–1192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Saleem KMA, Hammad M, Potgieter J (2019) Plant disease detection and classification by deep learning. Plants 8(11):468–490

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Sally P, Andrew B (2018) Diagnosing yellow spot of wheat. https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/mycrop/diagnosing-yellowspot-wheat. Accessed 10 Apr 2020

  73. Sarah W, Michael J, Francesca PH (2017) Bacterial diseases of plants. https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/plpathgen-6. Accessed 10 Apr. 2020

  74. Sarayloo Z, Asemani D (2015) Designing a classifier for automatic detection of fungal diseases in wheat plant by pattern recognition techniques. In: IEEE 23rd Iranian Conference on Electr Eng, pp. 1193–1197

  75. Shipton WA, Boyd WRJ, Rosielle AA, Shearer BI (1971) The common Septoria diseases of wheat. Bot Rev 37(2):231–262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Shivani Sood HS (2020) An implementation and analysis of deep learning models for the detection of wheat rust disease. In: 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems, pp. 341–347

  77. Singh R, Rana R, Singh SK (2018) Performance evaluation of VGG models in detection of wheat rust. Asian J Comput Sci Technol 7(3):76–81

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  78. Snilstveit B, Oliver S, Vojtkova M (2012) Narrative approaches to systematic review and synthesis of evidence for international development policy and practice. J Dev Eff 4(3):409–429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Stephen NW, Robert MH, Loren JG, Tamra AJ (2011) Disease management in wheat.https://cropwatch.unl.edu/wheat/disease. Accessed 10 Sept 2020

  80. Su J, Liu C, Coombes M, Hu X, Wang C, Xu X, Li Q, Guo L, Chen WH (2018) Wheat yellow rust monitoring by learning from multispectral UAV aerial imagery. Comput Electron Agric 155:157–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Su T, Min S, Shi A, Cao Z, Dong M (2019) A CNN-LSVM model for imbalanced images identification of wheat leaf. Neural Netw World 29(5):345–361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Su WH, Zhang J, Yang C, Page R, Szinyei T, Hirsch CD, Steffenson BJ (2021) Automatic evaluation of wheat resistance to fusarium head blight using dual mask-rcnn deep learning frameworks in computer vision. Remote Sens 13(1):1–20

    Google Scholar 

  83. Su W et al.(2020) Evaluation of Mask RCNN for Learning to Detect Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat Images. In: An ASABE Meeting Presentation, pp. 1–3

  84. Syngenta (2013) Septoria leaf spot. https://www.syngenta.ca/pests/disease/en/septoria-leaf-spot/Wheat. Accessed 10 Apr 2020

  85. Tutygin VS, Basim ХМАA, Leliuhin DO (2019) The use of an extended set of key texture features Haralick in the diagnosis of plant diseases on leaf images. Vibroengineering Procedia 25:122–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. University of York (2014) Centre for reviews and dissemination. https://www.york.ac.uk/crd/. Accessed 24 Apr 2020

  87. Varinderjit Kaur AO (2017) A survey of image processing technique for wheat disease detection. Int J Emerg Technol Eng Res 5(12):133–137

    Google Scholar 

  88. Varsha PG, Vijaya M (2017) Wheat disease detection using image processing. In: 2017 1st International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Information Management, pp. 110–112

  89. Waleej Haider SUR, Rehman A-U, Durrani NM (2021) A Generic Approach for Wheat Disease Classification and Verification Using Expert Opinion for Knowledge-Based Decisions. IEEE Access 9:31104–31129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Wang A (2014) Research on image technology with image recognition of wheat diseases based on multi-fractal and LVQ neural network. Adv Mater Res 886:580–583

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Wang H, Ma Z (2012) Prediction of Wheat Stripe Rust Based on Neural Networks. In: International Conference on Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture, pp. 504–515

  92. Wen J, Li S, Lin Z, Hu Y, Huang C (2012) Systematic literature review of machine learning based software development effort estimation models. Inf Softw Technol 54(1):41–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Wenxia B, Jian Z, Gensheng H, Dongyan Z, Linsheng H, Dong L (2021) Identification of wheat leaf diseases andtheir severity based on elliptical-maximum margin criterion metric learning. Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems 30:100526

  94. Xie X, Zhang X, He B, Liang D, Zhang D, Huang L (2016) A system for diagnosis of wheat leaf diseases based on Android smartphone. In: International Society for Optics and Photonics, vol. 10155, pp. 1015526–1015535.

  95. Yang K, Xue Z, Li H, Jia T, Cui Y (2013) New methodology of hyperspectral information extraction and accuracy assessment based on a neural network. Math Comput Model 58(3):644–660

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Zambia (2017) Spot blotch(wheat). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spot_blotch_(wheat). Accessed 10 Apr 2020

  97. Zhang DY, Chen G, Yin X, Hu RJ, Gu CY, Pan ZG, Zhou XG, Chen Y (2020) Integrating spectral and image data to detect Fusarium head blight of wheat. Comput Electron Agric 175:105588–105600

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Zhang J, Yuan L, Pu R, Loraamm RW, Yang G, Wang J (2014) Comparison between wavelet spectral features and conventional spectral features in detecting yellow rust for winter wheat. Comput Electron Agric 100:79–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Zhang J, Wang N, Yuan L, Chen F, Wu K (2017) Discrimination of winter wheat disease and insect stresses using continuous wavelet features extracted from foliar spectral measurements. Biosyst Eng 162:20–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Zhang N, Pan Y, Feng H, Zhao X, Yang X, Ding C, Yang G (2019) Development of Fusarium head blight classification index using hyperspectral microscopy images of winter wheat spikelets. Biosyst Eng 186:83–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Zhang R, Xu P, Wu G, Guo Y, Yang H (2017) Automatic wheat leaf rust detection and grading diagnosis via embedded image processing system. Procedia Comput Sci 107:836–841

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Zhang X, Han L, Dong Y, Shi Y, Huang W, Han L, González-Moreno P, Ma H, Ye H, Sobeih T (2019) A deep learning-based approach for automated yellow rust disease detection from high-resolution hyperspectral UAV images. Remote Sens 11(13):1–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vinay Kukreja.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kumar, D., Kukreja, V. Deep learning in wheat diseases classification: A systematic review. Multimed Tools Appl 81, 10143–10187 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12160-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12160-3

Keywords

Navigation