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Reversible data hiding in H.264/AVC videos based on hybrid-dimensional histogram modification

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A Correction to this article was published on 03 September 2022

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Abstract

In this paper, a new reversible data hiding (RDH) scheme for H.264/AVC video based on hybrid histogram modification is proposed. Two nonzero quantized transform coefficients (QTCs) are combined to generate coefficient pairs. Unlike previous works, only small QTCs s are put into pairs to construct two-dimensional (2D) histogram, and the remaining coefficients are formed into one-dimensional (1D) histogram. Then a hybrid dimensional histogram modification is designed to embed data. An appropriate 2D modification is determined to modify the small QTCs in the pairwise manner. For the large QTCs, only the 1D shifting operation is performed on them for the sake of reversibility. Experimental results demonstrate that compared with the existing two methods, the average value of the maximum embedding capacity can be increased by 43.59% and 17.48% respectively. Furthermore, with the same embedding capacity, the proposed method can achieve better performance in terms of bit rate variation and visual quality.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61771270, 62071267), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LR20F020001).

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  1. School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, 315016, China

    Dawen Xu & Yong Liu

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  1. Dawen Xu
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  2. Yong Liu
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Correspondence to Dawen Xu.

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The original online version of this article was revised: The original publication of this article contains errors in equations and references citations in figures 10 and 11.

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Xu, D., Liu, Y. Reversible data hiding in H.264/AVC videos based on hybrid-dimensional histogram modification. Multimed Tools Appl 81, 29305–29319 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12740-3

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