Abstract
A major concern in optical burst-switched (OBS) networks is contention, which occurs when more than one bursts contend for the same data channel at the same time. Due to the bufferless nature of OBS networks, these contentions randomly occur at any degree of congestion in the network. When contention occurs at any core node, the core node drops bursts according to its dropping policy. Burst loss in OBS networks significantly degrades the throughput of TCP sources in the local access networks because current TCP congestion control mechanisms perform a slow start phase mainly due to contention rather than heavy congestion. However, there has not been much study about the impact of burst loss on the performance of TCP over OBS networks. To improve TCP throughput over OBS networks, we first introduce a dropping policy with burst retransmission that retransmits the bursts dropped due to contention, at the ingress node. Then, we extend the dropping policy with burst retransmission to drop a burst that has experienced fewer retransmissions in the event of contention at a core node in order to reduce the number of events that a TCP source enters the slow start phase due to contention. In addition, we propose to limit the number of retransmissions of each burst to prevent severe congestion. For the performance evaluation of the proposed schemes, we provide an analytic throughput model of TCP over OBS networks. Through simulations as well as analytic modeling, it is shown that the proposed dropping policy with burst retransmission can improve TCP throughput over OBS networks compared with an existing dropping policy without burst retransmission.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C. Qiao M. Yoo (1999) ArticleTitleOptical burst switching (OBS)—a new paradigm for an optical Internet J. High Speed Netw. 8 IssueID1 69–84
Wang, X., Morikawa, H., Aoyama, T.: Burst optical deflection routing protocol for wavelength routing WDM networks. In: Proceedings of SPIE/IEEE OPTICOM 2000, pp. 257–266. Dallas, TX, USA (2000)
S.L. Danielsen P.B. Hansen K.E. Stubkjear (1998) ArticleTitleWavelength conversion in optical packet switching IEEE/OSA J. Lightw Technol. 16 2095–2108 Occurrence Handle10.1109/50.736578
Claffy, K., Miller, G., Thompson, K.: The nature of the beast: recent traffic measurements from an Internet backbone. In: Proceedings of INET 1998. Geneva, Switzerland (1998)
Xue, F., Yoo, S.J.B.: TCP-aware active congestion control in optical packet-switched networks. In: Proceedings of Optical Fiber Communications Conference (OFC 2003), pp. 135–136. Atlanta, GA, USA (2003)
Yu, X., Qiao, C., Liu, Y., Towsley, D.: Performance evaluation of TCP implementations in OBS networks. Tech. Report 2003-13. CSE Department, SUNY Buffalo (2003)
Detti, A., Listanti, M.: Impact of segments aggregation on TCP Reno flows in optical burst switching networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2002, vol. 3, pp. 1803–1812. NewYork, NY, USA (2002)
Gowda, S., Shenai, R.K., Sivalingam, K.M’ Cankaya, H.C.: Performance evaluation of TCP over Optical Burst-Switched (OBS) WDM networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2003), vol. 2, pp. 1433–1437. Anchorage, AL, USA (2003)
Yu, X., Qiao, C., Liu, Y.: TCP implementations and false time out detection in OBS networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2004, vol. 2, pp. 774–784. Hong Kong, PRC (2004)
V.M. Vokkarane J.P. Jue (2003) ArticleTitlePrioritized burst segmentation and composite burst-assembly techniques for QoS support in optical burst-switched networks IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 21 IssueID7 1198–1209 Occurrence Handle10.1109/JSAC.2003.815681
A. Ge F. Callegati L.S. Tamil (2000) ArticleTitleOn optical burst switching and self-similar traffic IEEE Commun. Lett. 4 IssueID3 98–100 Occurrence Handle10.1109/4234.831037
Postel, J.: Transmission control protocol, RFC 793 (1981)
Optical Burst Switching-network simulator (OBS-ns), Version 0.9, http://www.oirc.org/index.htm
The Network Simulator-ns-2, http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kim, L., Lee, S. & Song, J. Dropping Policy with Burst Retransmission to Improve the Throughput of TCP Over Optical Burst-switched Networks. Photon Netw Commun 12, 29–40 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-006-0012-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-006-0012-7