Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Improving throughput of long-hop TCP connections in IP over OPS networks

  • Published:
Photonic Network Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Optical Packet Switching (OPS) can provide the ever-increasing bandwidth required for Internet traffic and new applications for future networks. However, optical packet loss is the major problem for an OPS network. Moreover, by increasing the number of hops between a pair of ingress–egress switches in an OPS network, optical Packet Loss Rate (PLR) between this pair is increased. Therefore, due to a higher PLR for long-hop TCP connections, the throughput of these connections may be much lower than the short-hop TCP connections. To overcome this problem, it is proposed in this paper to use the retransmission idea in the optical domain not only to increase TCP throughput but also to improve the throughput of multi-hop TCP connections, and also to have a loss-free OPS network. Under retransmission in the optical domain, a copy of the transmitted traffic is kept in the electronic buffers of ingress switches and retransmitted in the optical domain whenever required. Note that the TCP layer has its own retransmission at the client packet level as well. By retransmission of lost packets in the optical domain, TCP would be unaware of the lost client packets, and therefore, TCP would not reduce its sending rate. In this paper, TCP throughput is studied in a bufferless slotted OPS network and the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism is evaluated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Papazoglou C., Papadimitriou G., Pomportsis A.: Design alternatives for optical-packet-interconnection network architectures. J. Opt. Netw. 3(11), 810–825 (2004). doi:10.1364/JON.3.000810

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Xue F., Pan Z., Bansal Y., Cao J.: End-to-end contention resolution schemes for an optical packet switching network with enhanced edge routers. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 21(11), 2595–2604 (2003). doi:10.1109/JLT.2003.819560

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Rahbar A.G.P., Yang O.: Fiber-channel tradeoff for reducing collisions in slotted one-hop optical packet-switched (OPS) networks. J. Opt. Netw. 6(7), 897–912 (2007). doi:10.1364/JON.6.000897

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Li Y., Xiao G., Ghafouri-Shiraz H.: On the benefits of multifiber optical packet switch. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 43(5), 376–378 (2004). doi:10.1002/mop.20474

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Rahbar, A.G.P., Yang, O.: Contention avoidance in slotted optical networks. In: Proceedings International Conference on Optical Communication Systems and Networks, SPIE Photonics North, Toronto, Canada, vol. 5970, pp. 2F-1–2F-7, Sep. 2005

  6. Jingyi, H., Chan, S.-H.G.: TCP and UDP performance for internet over optical packet-switched networks communications. In: Proceedings IEEE ICC 2003, Alaska, USA, vol. 2, pp. 1350–1354, May 2003

  7. Raffaelli C., Zaffoni P.: TCP performance in optical packet-switched networks. Photonic Netw. Commun. 11, 243–252 (2006). doi:10.1007/s11107-005-7351-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Yao S., Mukherjee B., Yoo S.J.B., Dixit S.: A unified study of contention-resolution schemes in optical packet-switched networks. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 21(3), 672–683 (2003). doi:10.1109/JLT.2003.809573

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Rahbar A.G.P., Yang O.: Prioritized retransmission in slotted all-optical packet-switched networks. J. Opt. Netw. 5(12), 1056–1070 (2006). doi:10.1364/JON.5.001056

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Rahbar, A.G.P., Yang, O.: Retransmission in slotted optical networks. In: Proceedings IEEE HPSR06, Poznan, Poland, pp. 21–26, June 2006

  11. Zhang, Q., Vokkarane, V.M., Wang, Y., Jue, J.P.: Analysis of TCP over optical burst-switched Networks with Burst Retransmission. In: Proceedings IEEE Globecom 2005, St. Louis, MO, vol. 4, pp. 1978–1983, Nov. 2005

  12. Chlamtac I., Fumagalli A. et al.: CORD: contention resolution by delay lines. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 14, 1014–1029 (1996). doi:10.1109/49.510924

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Eramo V., Listanti M., Pacifici P.: A comparison study on the number of wavelength converters needed in synchronous and asynchronous all-optical switching architectures. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 21(2), 340–355 (2003). doi:10.1109/JLT.2003.808790

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Hunter D.K., Chia M.C., Andonovic I.: Buffering in optical packet switches. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 16(12), 2081–2094 (1998). doi:10.1109/50.736577

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Chlamtac I., Fumagalli A.: QUADRO-Star: a high performance optical WDM star network. IEEE Trans. Commun. 42(8), 2582–2590 (1994). doi:10.1109/26.310618

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Modiano E.: Random algorithms for scheduling multicast traffic in WDM broadcast-and-select networks. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw. 7(3), 425–434 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Wang L., Ma M., Hamdi M.: Efficient protocols for multimedia streams on WDMA networks. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 21(10), 2123–2144 (2003). doi:10.1109/JLT.2003.816815

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Rahbar A.G.P., Yang O.: Contention resolution by retransmission in one-hop OPS metro networks. J. Netw. 2(4), 20–27 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Rahbar, A.G.P.: An approach to improve TCP throughput of long-hop connections in bufferless OPS networks. In: Proceedings IEEE 4th International Symposium on High Capacity Optical Networks and Enabling Technologies (HONET07), UAE, Dubai, Nov. 2007

  20. Rahbar, A.G.P., Yang, O.: A new bandwidth access framework in slotted-OPS networks. In: Proceedings IEEE Local Computer Networks (LCN), Tampa, Florida, pp. 559–560, Nov. 2006

  21. Cormen, T.H., Leiserson, C.E., Rivest, R.L., Stein, C.: Introduction to Algorithms, 2nd edn. MIT Press and McGraw-Hill (2001)

  22. Stevens, W.R.: TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1: The Protocols. Addison-Wesley (1994)

  23. OPNET university program. http://www.opnet.com/university_program/research_with_opnet/, accessed 2006

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Computer Networks Research Laboratory, Sahand University of Technology, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran

    Akbar Ghaffar Pour Rahbar

Authors
  1. Akbar Ghaffar Pour Rahbar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Akbar Ghaffar Pour Rahbar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ghaffar Pour Rahbar, A. Improving throughput of long-hop TCP connections in IP over OPS networks. Photon Netw Commun 17, 226–237 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-008-0157-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-008-0157-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation