Abstract
Chromatic dispersion from optical fiber is the most important problem that produces temporal skews and destroys the rectangular structure of code patterns in the spectra-amplitude-coding optical code-division multiple-access (SAC-OCDMA) system. Thus, the balance detection does not work perfectly and the system performance will be degraded. In order to improve the distortion, we apply cascaded Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) to design a dispersion slope equalizer for the SAC-OCDMA system integrated with arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) router coder. The dispersion slopes of a cascaded MZI compensator could be adjusted by the arm length differences of MZIs and be complementary with the fiber links. In this study, we present a set of length differences for 10 km long single-mode fiber (SMF) and verify the compensation scheme by relative delay time slope and signal-to-interference ratio (SIR). The dispersion slope equalizer with perfect complementary slope successfully compensates the dispersion from SMF and the system performance with dispersion slope equalizer is highly improved.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Wu J.S., Wu J., Tsao H.W.: A radio-over-fiber network for microcellular system application. IEEE Trans. Veh. Tech. 47(1), 84–94 (1998)
Al-Raweshidy H., Komaki S.: Radio over Fiber Technologies for Mobile Communication Networks. Artech House, Boston (2002)
Tsukamoto K., Higashino T., Nakanishi T., Komaki S.: Direct optical switching code-division multiple-access system for fiber-optic radio highway networks. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 21(12), 3209–3220 (2003)
Salehi J.A.: Code division multiple-access techniques in optical fiber network-Part I: Fundamental principles. IEEE Trans. Commun. 37(8), 824–833 (1989)
Salehi J.A., Brackett C.A.: Code division multiple-access techniques in optical fiber networks-Part II: systems performance analysis. IEEE Trans. Commun. 37(8), 834–842 (1989)
Wen Y.G., Zhang Y., Chen L.K.: On architecture and limitation of optical multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) networks using optical-orthogonal-code (OOC)/wavelength label. Opt. Fiber Technol. 8(1), 43–70 (2002)
Kavehrad M., Zaccarin D.: Optical code-division-multiplexed systems based on spectral encoding of noncoherent sources. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 13(3), 534–545 (1995)
Wei Z., Shalaby H.M.H., Ghafouri-Shiraz H.: Modified quadratic congruence codes for fiber Bragg-grating-based spectral-amplitude-coding optical CDMA systems. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 19(9), 1274–1281 (2001)
Huang J.F., Hsu D.Z.: Fiber-grating-based optical CDMA spectral coding with nearly orthogonal M-sequence codes. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 12(9), 1252–1254 (2000)
Yang C.C., Huang J.F., Tseng S.P.: Optical CDMA network codecs structured with M-sequence codes over waveguide-grating routers. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 16(2), 641–643 (2004)
Ng E.K.H., Weichenberg G.E., Sargent E.H.: Dispersion in multiwavelength optical CDMA systems: impact and remedies. IEEE Trans. commun. 50(11), 1811 (2002)
Cai J.X., Feng K.M., Willner A.E., Grubsky V., Starodubov D.S., Feinberg J.: Simultaneous tunable dispersion compensation of many WDM channels using a sampled nonlinearly chirped fiber Bragg grating. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 11(11), 1455–1457 (1999)
Shirasaki M.: Chromatic dispersion compensator using virtually imaged phased array. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 9(12), 1598–1600 (1997)
Madsen C.K., Lenz G., Bruce A.J., Cappuzzo M.A., Gomez L.T., Scotti R.E.: Integrated all-pass filters for tunable dispersion and dispersion slope compensation. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 11(12), 1623–1625 (1999)
Doerr C.R., Stulz L.W., Chandrasekhar S., Pafchek R.: Colorless tunable dispersion compensator with 400-ps/nm range integrated with a tunable noise filter. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 15(9), 1258–1260 (2003)
Vengsarkar A.M., Reed W.A.: Dispersion-compensating single-mode fibers: efficient design for first- and second-order compensation. Opt. Lett. 18(11), 924–926 (1993)
Takiguchi K., Okamoto K., Moriwaki K.: Dispersion compensation using a planar lightwave circuit optical equalizer. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 6(4), 561–564 (1994)
Ozeki T.: Optical equalizers. Opt. Lett. 17(5), 375–377 (1992)
Takiguchi K., Okamoto K., Moriwaki K.: Planar lightwave circuit dispersion equalizer. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 14(9), 2003–2011 (1996)
Takiguchi K., Kawanishi S., Takara H., Himeno A., Hattori K.: Dispersion slope equalizer for dispersion shifted fiber using a lattice-form programmable optical filter on a planar lightwave circuit. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 16(9), 1647–1656 (1998)
Takiguchi K., Okamoto K., Goh T., Itoh M.: Integrated-optic dispersion slope equalizer for N × several tens of Gb/s WDM transmission. IEEE/OSA J. Lightwave Technol. 21(11), 2463–2469 (2003)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yen, CT. Integrated dispersion slope equalizer of AWG-based optical CDMA for radio-over-fiber transmissions. Photon Netw Commun 19, 311–319 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-009-0236-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-009-0236-4