Abstract
Programmable logic device (PLD) gives flexibility to implement different combinational circuits in a single device as per the requirement. In this paper, design of an optical PLD is proposed using electro-optic effect of lithium-niobate-based Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs). Lithium-niobate-based MZI have spectacular ability to couple an optical input signal to a desired output port. The paper constitutes several examples of combinational logic circuits implemented with proposed device, its mathematical description and thereafter simulation using MATLAB. The study is verified using beam propagation method.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Fujita, H.: MEMS/MOEMS application to optical communication. Proc. SPIE 4557, 11–17 (2001)
Chattopadhyay, T.: All-optical cross-bar network architecture using TOAD based interferometric switch and designing of reconfigurable logic unit. Opt. Fiber Technol. 17, 558–567 (2011)
Poustie, A.J., Blow, K.J., Kelly, A.E., Manning, R.J.: All-optical parity checker with bit differential delay. Opt. Commun. 162, 37–43 (1999)
Bakhtiar, L.A., Yaghoubi, E., Adami, A., Hamidi, S.M., Hosseinzadeh, M.: Three-input majority function with nonlinear material in all-optical domain. J. Opt. 42, 349–354 (2013)
Suzuki, M., Uenohara, H.: Investigation of all-optical error detection circuit using SOA-MZI-based XOR gates at 10 Gbit/s. Electron. Lett. 45, 224–225 (2009)
Rakshit, J.K., Roy, J.N., Chattopadhyay, T.: Design of micro-ring resonator based all optical parity generator and checker circuit. Opt. Commun. 303, 30–37 (2013)
Gayen, D.K., Bhattachryya, A., Chattopadhyay, T., Roy, J.N.: Ultrafast all-optical half adder using quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier-based Mach–Zehnder interferometer. J. Lightwave Technol. 30, 3387–3393 (2012)
Srivastava, V.K., Priye, V.: All-optical 4-bit parity checker design. Opt. Appl. 41, 157–164 (2011)
Sotobayashi, H., Kitayama, K.: All-optical code conversion of 10 Gb/s BPSK codes without wavelength-shift by cross-phase modulation for optical code division multiplexing networks. Proc. IEEE Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf. 2, 163–165 (2000)
Kumar, S., Raghuwanshi, S.K., Kumar, A.: Implementation of optical switches by using Mach–Zehnder interferometer. Opt. Eng. 52, 097–106 (2013)
Kumar, S., Kumar, A., Raghuwanshi, S.K.: Implementation of an optical AND gate using Mach–Zehnder interferometers. Proc. SPIE 9131, 913120 (2014)
Kumar, S., Bisht, A., Singh, G., Choudhary, K., Sharma, D.: Implementation of wavelength selector based on electro-optic effect in Mach–Zehnder interferometers for high speed communications. Opt. Commun. 350, 108–118 (2015)
Kumar, A., Kumar, S., Raghuwanshi, S.K.: Implementation of XOR/XNOR and AND logic gates using Mach–Zehnder interferometers. Optik 125, 5764–5767 (2014)
Kumar, S., Bisht, A., Singh, G., Sharma, S., Amphawan, A.: Proposed new approach to the design of universal logic gates using the electro-optic effect in Mach–Zehnder Interferometers. Appl. Opt. 54, 8479–8484 (2015)
Kumar, S., Singh, G., Bisht, A., Amphawan, A.: Design of D flip-flop and T flip-flop using Mach–Zehnder interferometers for high-speed communication. Appl. Opt. 54, 6397–6405 (2015)
Kumar, A., Kumar, S., Raghuwanshi, S.K.: Implementation of full-adder and full- subtractor based on electro-optic effect in Mach–Zehnder interferometers. Opt. Commun. 324, 93–107 (2014)
Kumar, S., Bisht, A., Singh, G., Amphawan, A.: Implementation of 2 bit multiplier based on electro-optic effect in Mach–Zehnder interferometers. Opt. Quantum Electron. 47, 3667–3688 (2015)
Kumar, S., Raghuwanshi, S.K., Rahman, B.M.A.: Design of universal shift register based on electro-optic effect of \(\text{ LiNbO }_{3}\) in Mach–Zehnder interferometer for high speed communication. Opt. Quantum Electron. 47, 3509–3524 (2015)
Kumar, S., Singh, G., Bisht, A., Amphawan, A.: An optical synchronous up counter based on electro-optic effect of lithium niobate based Mach–Zehnder interferometers. Opt. Quantum Electron. 47, 3613–3626 (2015)
Kumar, S., Bisht, A., Singh, G., Choudhary, K., Raina, K.K., Amphawan, A.: Implementation of 1-bit and 2-bit magnitude comparator using Mach–Zehnder interferometers. Opt. Commun. 357, 127–147 (2015)
Kumar, S., Chanderkanta, Amphawan, A.: Design of parity generator and checker circuit using electro-optic effect of Mach–Zehnder interferometers. Opt. Commun. 364, 195–224 (2015)
Kumar, A., Raghuwanshi, S.K.: Implementation of optical gray code converter and even parity checker using the electro-optic effect in the Mach–Zehnder interferometer. Opt. Quantum Electron. 47, 2117–2140 (2015)
Mumbru, J., Panotopoulos, G., Psaltis, D., An, X., Mok, F., Ay, S., Barna, S., Fossum, E.R.: Optically programmable gate array. Proc. SPIE 4089, 763–771 (2000)
Lei, L., Dong, J., Zou, B., Wu, Z., Dong, W., Zhang, X.: Expanded all-optical programmable logic array based on multi-input/output canonical logic units. Opt. Express 22, 9959–9969 (2014)
Cabezón, M., Villafranca, A., Martínez, J.J., Izquierdo, D., Garcés, I.: Integrated multi-bit all-optical NOR gate for high speed data processing. J. Lightwave Technol. 31, 1178–1184 (2013)
Roy, J.N., Chattopadhyay, T.: All-optical Multiplication Using SOA-MZI based Programmable Logic Device (PLD), pp. 1–4. ICCD IIT, Kharagpur (2010)
Villafranca, A., Cabezón, M., Izquierdo, D., Martínez, J. J., Garcés, I.: Programmable all-optical logic gates based on semiconductor optical amplifiers. In: Proceedings of IEEE Transport optical Network, pp. 1–4. (2011)
Chattopadhyay, T., Roy, J.N.: Design of SOA-MZI based all-optical programmable logic device (PLD). Opt. Commun. 283, 2506–2517 (2010)
Wooten, EdL, Kissa, K.M., Yan, A.Y., Murphy, E.J., Lafaw, D.A., Hallemeier, P.F., Maack, D., Attanasio, D.V., Fritz, D.J., McBrien, G.J., Bossi, D.E.: A review of lithium niobate modulator for fiber optic communication. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 6, 69–82 (2000)
Jin, H., Liu, F.M., Xu, P., Xia, J.L., Zhong, M.L., Yuan, Y., Zhou, J.W., Gong, Y.X., Wang, W., Zhu, S.N.: On chip generation and manipulation of entangled photons based on reconfigurable lithium niobate wave guide circuits. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 103601 (2014)
Raghuwanshi, S.K., Kumar, A., Kumar, S.: 1 \(\times \) 4 Signal router using three Mach–Zehnder Interferometers. Opt. Eng. 52, 035002 (2013)
Acknowledgments
This work is supported by the project entitled “Performance study of some WDM optical network components and design of optical switching devices” under the Faculty Research Scheme, DIT University, Dehradun, India (Ref. No.: DITU/R&D/2014/7/ECE) undertaken by Dr. Santosh Kumar. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chanderkanta, Singh, N. & Kumar, S. Design of programmable logic device based on electro-optic effect of lithium-niobate-based Mach–Zehnder interferometers. Photon Netw Commun 33, 356–370 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-016-0650-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-016-0650-3