Skip to main content
Log in

Design of programmable logic device based on electro-optic effect of lithium-niobate-based Mach–Zehnder interferometers

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Photonic Network Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Programmable logic device (PLD) gives flexibility to implement different combinational circuits in a single device as per the requirement. In this paper, design of an optical PLD is proposed using electro-optic effect of lithium-niobate-based Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs). Lithium-niobate-based MZI have spectacular ability to couple an optical input signal to a desired output port. The paper constitutes several examples of combinational logic circuits implemented with proposed device, its mathematical description and thereafter simulation using MATLAB. The study is verified using beam propagation method.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Fujita, H.: MEMS/MOEMS application to optical communication. Proc. SPIE 4557, 11–17 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Chattopadhyay, T.: All-optical cross-bar network architecture using TOAD based interferometric switch and designing of reconfigurable logic unit. Opt. Fiber Technol. 17, 558–567 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Poustie, A.J., Blow, K.J., Kelly, A.E., Manning, R.J.: All-optical parity checker with bit differential delay. Opt. Commun. 162, 37–43 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bakhtiar, L.A., Yaghoubi, E., Adami, A., Hamidi, S.M., Hosseinzadeh, M.: Three-input majority function with nonlinear material in all-optical domain. J. Opt. 42, 349–354 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Suzuki, M., Uenohara, H.: Investigation of all-optical error detection circuit using SOA-MZI-based XOR gates at 10 Gbit/s. Electron. Lett. 45, 224–225 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Rakshit, J.K., Roy, J.N., Chattopadhyay, T.: Design of micro-ring resonator based all optical parity generator and checker circuit. Opt. Commun. 303, 30–37 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Gayen, D.K., Bhattachryya, A., Chattopadhyay, T., Roy, J.N.: Ultrafast all-optical half adder using quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier-based Mach–Zehnder interferometer. J. Lightwave Technol. 30, 3387–3393 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Srivastava, V.K., Priye, V.: All-optical 4-bit parity checker design. Opt. Appl. 41, 157–164 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Sotobayashi, H., Kitayama, K.: All-optical code conversion of 10 Gb/s BPSK codes without wavelength-shift by cross-phase modulation for optical code division multiplexing networks. Proc. IEEE Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf. 2, 163–165 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kumar, S., Raghuwanshi, S.K., Kumar, A.: Implementation of optical switches by using Mach–Zehnder interferometer. Opt. Eng. 52, 097–106 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kumar, S., Kumar, A., Raghuwanshi, S.K.: Implementation of an optical AND gate using Mach–Zehnder interferometers. Proc. SPIE 9131, 913120 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kumar, S., Bisht, A., Singh, G., Choudhary, K., Sharma, D.: Implementation of wavelength selector based on electro-optic effect in Mach–Zehnder interferometers for high speed communications. Opt. Commun. 350, 108–118 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kumar, A., Kumar, S., Raghuwanshi, S.K.: Implementation of XOR/XNOR and AND logic gates using Mach–Zehnder interferometers. Optik 125, 5764–5767 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Kumar, S., Bisht, A., Singh, G., Sharma, S., Amphawan, A.: Proposed new approach to the design of universal logic gates using the electro-optic effect in Mach–Zehnder Interferometers. Appl. Opt. 54, 8479–8484 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kumar, S., Singh, G., Bisht, A., Amphawan, A.: Design of D flip-flop and T flip-flop using Mach–Zehnder interferometers for high-speed communication. Appl. Opt. 54, 6397–6405 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kumar, A., Kumar, S., Raghuwanshi, S.K.: Implementation of full-adder and full- subtractor based on electro-optic effect in Mach–Zehnder interferometers. Opt. Commun. 324, 93–107 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kumar, S., Bisht, A., Singh, G., Amphawan, A.: Implementation of 2 bit multiplier based on electro-optic effect in Mach–Zehnder interferometers. Opt. Quantum Electron. 47, 3667–3688 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Kumar, S., Raghuwanshi, S.K., Rahman, B.M.A.: Design of universal shift register based on electro-optic effect of \(\text{ LiNbO }_{3}\) in Mach–Zehnder interferometer for high speed communication. Opt. Quantum Electron. 47, 3509–3524 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Kumar, S., Singh, G., Bisht, A., Amphawan, A.: An optical synchronous up counter based on electro-optic effect of lithium niobate based Mach–Zehnder interferometers. Opt. Quantum Electron. 47, 3613–3626 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kumar, S., Bisht, A., Singh, G., Choudhary, K., Raina, K.K., Amphawan, A.: Implementation of 1-bit and 2-bit magnitude comparator using Mach–Zehnder interferometers. Opt. Commun. 357, 127–147 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Kumar, S., Chanderkanta, Amphawan, A.: Design of parity generator and checker circuit using electro-optic effect of Mach–Zehnder interferometers. Opt. Commun. 364, 195–224 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Kumar, A., Raghuwanshi, S.K.: Implementation of optical gray code converter and even parity checker using the electro-optic effect in the Mach–Zehnder interferometer. Opt. Quantum Electron. 47, 2117–2140 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Mumbru, J., Panotopoulos, G., Psaltis, D., An, X., Mok, F., Ay, S., Barna, S., Fossum, E.R.: Optically programmable gate array. Proc. SPIE 4089, 763–771 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Lei, L., Dong, J., Zou, B., Wu, Z., Dong, W., Zhang, X.: Expanded all-optical programmable logic array based on multi-input/output canonical logic units. Opt. Express 22, 9959–9969 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Cabezón, M., Villafranca, A., Martínez, J.J., Izquierdo, D., Garcés, I.: Integrated multi-bit all-optical NOR gate for high speed data processing. J. Lightwave Technol. 31, 1178–1184 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Roy, J.N., Chattopadhyay, T.: All-optical Multiplication Using SOA-MZI based Programmable Logic Device (PLD), pp. 1–4. ICCD IIT, Kharagpur (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Villafranca, A., Cabezón, M., Izquierdo, D., Martínez, J. J., Garcés, I.: Programmable all-optical logic gates based on semiconductor optical amplifiers. In: Proceedings of IEEE Transport optical Network, pp. 1–4. (2011)

  28. Chattopadhyay, T., Roy, J.N.: Design of SOA-MZI based all-optical programmable logic device (PLD). Opt. Commun. 283, 2506–2517 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Wooten, EdL, Kissa, K.M., Yan, A.Y., Murphy, E.J., Lafaw, D.A., Hallemeier, P.F., Maack, D., Attanasio, D.V., Fritz, D.J., McBrien, G.J., Bossi, D.E.: A review of lithium niobate modulator for fiber optic communication. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 6, 69–82 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Jin, H., Liu, F.M., Xu, P., Xia, J.L., Zhong, M.L., Yuan, Y., Zhou, J.W., Gong, Y.X., Wang, W., Zhu, S.N.: On chip generation and manipulation of entangled photons based on reconfigurable lithium niobate wave guide circuits. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 103601 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Raghuwanshi, S.K., Kumar, A., Kumar, S.: 1 \(\times \) 4 Signal router using three Mach–Zehnder Interferometers. Opt. Eng. 52, 035002 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the project entitled “Performance study of some WDM optical network components and design of optical switching devices” under the Faculty Research Scheme, DIT University, Dehradun, India (Ref. No.: DITU/R&D/2014/7/ECE) undertaken by Dr. Santosh Kumar. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Santosh Kumar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chanderkanta, Singh, N. & Kumar, S. Design of programmable logic device based on electro-optic effect of lithium-niobate-based Mach–Zehnder interferometers. Photon Netw Commun 33, 356–370 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-016-0650-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-016-0650-3

Keywords

Navigation