Skip to main content
Log in

A spectrum-efficient algorithm based on traffic splitting and merging transmission for anycast in inter-datacenter elastic optical networks

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Photonic Network Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Anycast is attracting much attention due to the need of scalable and cost-effective data delivery in inter-datacenter elastic optical networks. However, spectrum fragmentation degrades network’s performance and decreases probability of successful anycast delivery significantly. When the idle spectrum block in elastic optical network is not enough to transmit the anycast request, spectrum splitting with multi-path transmitting the anycast is an effective approach to improve the spectrum fragmentation utilization. For improving spectrum utilization and reducing time delay between multiple paths, we propose a spectrum-efficient algorithm based on traffic splitting and merging (Anycast_SA_TSM) transmission to avoid spectrum fragmentation and delay between multiple paths. In order to minimize the time delay between multiple paths, we design a modified scheme to select the multiple paths with minimal time delay to transmit the anycast. During the spectrum allocation phase, a new spectrum block allocation scheme, the exact fit or fragmentation minimal, is put forward. Moreover, when an appropriate size of spectrum block is found for the split anycast request, merging split sub-requests to a single path is activated for minimizing the additional guard bands and improving the spectrum efficiency. Comparing with other two anycast algorithms, simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can get minimal time delay between split multiple paths, the minimal bandwidth blocking probability and the highest spectrum utilization.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Liu, C.H., Kind, A., Vasilakos, A.V.: Sketching the data center network traffic. IEEE Netw. 27(4), 33–39 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Cisco Global Cloud Index: Forecast and Methodology 2015–2020 White Paper. http://www.cisco.com/c/en_dz/about/press/news-archive-2016/20161110.html (2016)

  3. Walkowiak, K., Klinkowski, M.: Joint anycast and unicast routing for elastic optical networks: modeling and optimization. In: Proceeding of IEEE Optical Networks and Systems, pp. 3909–3914 (2013)

  4. Li, D., Li, L., Jin, L., et al.: Research of load forecasting and elastic resources scheduling of Openstack platform based on time series. J. Chongqing Univ. Posts Telecommun. (Nat. Sci. Ed.) 28(4), 560–566 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Tan, X.G., Yu, S., Zhang, H.: Anycast routing and wavelength assignment problem in wavelength conversion WDM networks. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 124(24), 6983–6986 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Goścień, R., Walkowiak, K., Tornatore, M.: Survivable multipath routing of anycast and unicast traffic in elastic optical networks. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 8(6), 343–355 (2016)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Sinha, A., Mani, P., Liu, J., et al.: Distributed load management algorithms in anycast-based CDNs. Comput. Netw. 115, 1–15 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Chen, Y., Jaekel, A.: Energy aware anycast routing in optical networks for cloud computing applications. In: Proceeding of the 2015 IEEE 4th International Conference on Cloud Networking, pp. 285–290 (2015)

  9. Zhou, H., Mao, S., Agrawal, P.: Optical power allocation for adaptive transmissions in wavelength-division multiplexing free space optical networks. Digital Commun. Netw. 1(3), 171–180 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Fávero, R.V., Demanboro, A.C.: Performance analysis of elastic optical network comparing to current wavelength division multiplexing. IEEE Lat. Am. Trans. 14(3), 1494–1498 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Wang, B., Ho, P.H.: Energy-efficient routing and bandwidth allocation in OFDM-based optical networks. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 8(2), 71–84 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Bao, N.H., Su, G.Q., Chen, J.B.: Recovery-time aware hybrid path protection algorithm in optical networks. J. Chongqing Univ. Posts Telecommun. (Nat. Sci. Ed.) 29(3), 313–319 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Nogbou, G.A., Michel, B., Ahmed, D., et al.: An efficient hybrid protection scheme with shared/dedicated backup paths on elastic optical networks. Digital Commun. Netw. 3(1), 11–18 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Yang, Y., Hou, W., Guo, L.: Spectrum and energy-efficient routing algorithm in survivable and elastic optical network. In: Proceeding of the 2014 12th International Conference on Optical Internet, pp. 1–2 (2014)

  15. Walkowiak, K., Aibin, M.: Elastic optical networks a new approach for effective provisioning of cloud computing and content-oriented services. Serv. Oriented Archit. 7, 9 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Liu, H.L., Li, R.Y., Chen, Y., et al.: Resource efficiency improved approach for shared path protection in EONs. Photonic Netw. Commun. 33(16), 19–25 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Chen, X., Li, J., Zhu, P., et al.: Fragmentation-aware routing and spectrum allocation scheme based on distribution of traffic bandwidth in elastic optical networks. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7(11), 1064–1074 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Zhang, M.Y., You, C.S., Jiang, H.H., et al.: Dynamic and adaptive bandwidth defragmentation in spectrum-sliced elastic optical networks with time-varying traffic. J. Lightwave Technol. 32(5), 1014–1023 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Aibin, M., Walkowiak, K.: Defragmentation algorithm for joint dynamic and static routing problems in elastic optical networks with unicast and anycast traffic. In: Proceeding of the 2016 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), pp. 1–5 (2016)

  20. Fang, W., Lu, M., Liu, X., et al.: Joint defragmentation of optical spectrum and IT resources in elastic optical datacenter interconnections. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 7(4), 314–324 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Liu, X., Zhang, L., Zhang M., et al.: Joint defragmentation of spectrum and computing resources in inter-datacenter networks over elastic optical infrastructure. In: Proceeding of the 2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications, pp. 3289–3294 (2014)

  22. Zhuab, R.J., Zhaoa, Y.L., Yanga, H., Yua, X.S.: Dynamic time and spectrum fragmentation-aware service provisioning in elastic optical networks with multi-path routing. Opt. Fiber Technol. 32, 13–22 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Yin, Y., Zhang, H., Zhang, M., et al.: Spectral and spatial 2D fragmentation-aware routing and spectrum assignment algorithms in elastic optical networks. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 5(10), A100–A106 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Chen, X., Ma, S., Guo, B., et al.: A novel fragmentation-aware spectrum allocation algorithm in flexible bandwidth optical networks. Opt. Switch. Netw. 12, 14–23 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Liu, H., Zhang, M., Yi, P., Chen, Y.: Shared path protection through reconstructing sharable bandwidth based on spectrum segmentation for elastic optical networks. Opt. Fiber Technol. 32, 88–95 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Pagès, A., Perelló, J., Spadaro, S., et al.: Optimal route, spectrum, and modulation level assignment in split-spectrum-enabled dynamic elastic optical networks. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 6(2), 114–126 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Zhang, L., Zhu, Z.: Spectrum-efficient anycast in elastic optical inter-datacenter networks. Opt. Switch. Netw. 14, 250–259 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zhang, L., Zhu, Z.: Dynamic anycast in inter-datacenter networks over elastic optical infrastructure. In: Proceeding of the 2014 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications, pp. 491–495 (2014)

  29. Lu, W., Zhou, X., Gong, L., et al.: Dynamic multi-paths service provisioning under differential delay constraint in elastic optical networks. Commun. Lett. 17(1), 158–161 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Yin, Y., Zhu, Z., Yoo, S.J.B.: Fragmentation-aware routing, modulation and spectrum assignment algorithms in elastic optical networks. In: Proceeding of the Optical Fiber Communication Conference on Optical Society of America, OW3A, p. 5 (2013)

  31. Amar, D., Rouzic, L.E., Brochier, N., et al.: Spectrum fragmentation issue in flexible optical networks: analysis and good practices. Photonic Netw. Commun. 29(3), 230–243 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Christodoulopoulos, K., Tomkos, I., Varvarigos, E.A.: Elastic bandwidth allocation in flexible OFDM-based optical networks. J. Lightwave Technol. 29(9), 1354–1366 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Klinkowski, M., Walkowiak, K.: routing and spectrum assignment in spectrum sliced elastic optical path network. IEEE Commun. Lett. 15(8), 884–886 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Goścień, R., Walkowiak, K., Klinkowski, M.: Gains of anycast demand relocation in survivable elastic optical networks. In: Proceeding of the 2014 6th International Workshop on Reliable Networks Design and Modeling (RNDM), pp. 109–115 (2014)

  35. Bhaskaran, K., Triay, J., Vokkarane, V.M.: Dynamic anycast routing and wavelength assignment in WDM networks using ant colony optimization (ACO). In: Proceeding of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 1–6 (2011)

  36. Liu, X., Gong, L., Zhu, Z.: On the spectrum-efficient overlay multicast in elastic optical networks built with multicast-incapable switches. Commun. Lett. 17(9), 1860–1863 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Pakzad, F., Portmann, M., Tan, W.L., et al.: Efficient topology discovery in openflow-based software defined networks. Comput. Commun. 77, 52–61 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was funded in part by the national nature science foundation of China (NSFC 61275077), by the 973 national program on key basic research project of China (2012CB315803) and by the basic and frontier research program of Chongqing (CSTC 2015 jcyjA40024).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Huanlin Liu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wei, C., Wu, L., Liu, H. et al. A spectrum-efficient algorithm based on traffic splitting and merging transmission for anycast in inter-datacenter elastic optical networks. Photon Netw Commun 35, 165–176 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-017-0742-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-017-0742-8

Keywords

Navigation