Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Optimized placement of virtualized resources for 5G services exploiting live migration

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Photonic Network Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper focuses on a Centralized Radio Access Network solution adopting the concept of resource disaggregation. In this context, it proposes a heuristic suitable to optimally assign Base Band Unit processing functions in softwarized Radio Access Networks to different servers, taking into consideration their processing requirements with the aim to minimize the overall energy consumption. It also proposes the adoption of live migration of virtualized resources, in order to dynamically reallocate these functions to different servers that better match the continuously changing characteristics of 5G services, for increased energy efficiency purposes. The benefits associated with live migration are quantified through a series of experiments. Our results show a reduction of the number of switched-on servers through live migration that leads to a notable improvement in terms of resource and energy efficiency.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. NGMN Alliance: NGMN Overview on 5G RAN Functional Decomposition (2018)

  2. A. Tzanakaki et al.: Wireless-Optical Network Convergence: Enabling the 5G Architecture to Support Operational and End-User Services. In: IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 55, no. 10, pp. 184–192 (2017)

  3. Ruffini, M., Slyne, F.: Software defined networking and network function virtualization for converged access-metro networks. In: Abdalla, A.M., Rodriguez, J., Elfergani, I., Teixeira, A. (eds.) Optical and Wireless Convergence for 5G Networks. Wiley, New York (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Gkatzios, N., Anastasopoulos, M., Tzanakaki, A., Simeonidou, D.: Compute resource disaggregation: an enabler for efficient 5G RAN softwarisation. In: 2018 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC), Ljubljana, Slovenia, pp. 1–5 (2018)

  5. Gopalasingham, Herculea, D.G., Chen, C.S., Roullet, L.: Virtualization of radio access network by virtual machine and docker: practice and performance analysis. In: 2017 IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network and Service Management (IM), Lisbon, pp. 680–685 (2017)

  6. Felter, W., Ferreira, A., Rajamony, R., Rubio, J.: An updated performance comparison of virtual machines and Linux containers. In: 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (ISPASS), Philadelphia, PA, pp. 171–172 (2015)

  7. Nikaein, N., Schiller, E., Favraud, R., Knopp, R., Alyafawi, I., Braun, T.: Towards a cloud-native radio access network. In: Mavromoustakis, C., Mastorakis, G., Dobre, C. (eds.) Advances in mobile cloud computing and big data in the 5G era. Studies in big data, vol. 22. Springer, Berlin (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Govindaraj, K., Artemenko, A.: Container live migration for latency critical industrial applications on edge computing. In: 2018 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), Turin, pp. 83–90 (2018)

  9. Nikaein, N.: Processing radio access network functions in the cloud: critical issues and modeling. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing and Services (MCS ‘15). ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp. 36–43 (2015)

  10. Seunghak, L., Choi, S.: Implementation of software-based 2x2 MIMO LTE base station system using GPU. In: SDR-WInnComm (2011)

  11. Zheng, Q., Chen, Y., Lee, H. et al.: Using Graphics Processing Units in an LTE Base Station. J Sign Process Syst 78, 35–47 (2015)

  12. [Online] Intel FPGA Programmable Acceleration Card N3000 for Networking. https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/programmable/us/en/pdfs/literature/po/intel-fpga-programmable-acceleration-card-n3000-for-networking.pdf. Accessed 28 Oct 2019

  13. [Online] Xilinx. https://www.xilinx.com/news/press/2019/xilinx-and-samsung-jointly-enable-the-world-s-first-5g-nr-commercial-deployment.html. Accessed 28 Oct 2019

  14. [Online] Intel Xeon integrated with Arria 10 FPGA. https://itpeernetwork.intel.com/intel-processors-fpga-better-together/#gs.d1oj50. Accessed 28 Oct 2019

  15. Gkatzios, N., Anastasopoulos, M., Tzanakaki, A. et al.: Efficiency gains in 5G softwarised radio access networks. J Wireless Com Network 2019, 183 (2019)

  16. Zheng, Q., Chen, Y., Dreslinski, R., Chakrabarti, C., Anastasopoulos, A., Mahlke, S., Mudge, T.: WiBench: an open source kernel suite for benchmarking wireless systems. In: 2013 IEEE International Symposium workload Characterization (IISWC), Portland, OR, pp. 123–132 (2013)

  17. Tzanakaki, Anastasopoulos, M., Simeonidou, D.: Converged access/metro infastructures for 5G services. In: Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC), SanDiego, CA, pp. 1–3 (2018)

  18. Wood, T., Shenoy, P., Venkataramani, A., Yousif, M.: Black-box and gray-box strategies for virtual machine migration. In: Proceedings of the 4th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design & Implementation (NSDI’07). USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, USA, pp. 17–17 (2007)

  19. Clark, C., Fraser, K., Hand, S., Hansen, J.G., Jul, E., Limpach, C., Pratt, I., Warfield, A.: Live migration of virtual machines. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation (NSDI’05), vol. 2. USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, USA, pp. 273–286 (2005)

  20. Voorsluys, W., Broberg, J., Venugopal, S., Buyya, R.: Cost of virtual machine live migration in clouds: a performance evaluation. In: Jaatun, M.G., Zhao, G., Rong, C. (eds.) Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Cloud Computing (CloudCom ‘09). Springer, Berlin, pp. 254–265 (2009)

  21. Verma, A., Ahuja, P., Neogi, A.: pMapper: power and migration cost aware application placement in virtualized systems. In: Issarny, V., Schantz, R. (eds.) Proceedings of the 9th ACM/IFIP/USENIX International Conference on Middleware (Middleware ‘08). Springer, New York, USA, pp. 243–264 (2008)

  22. Bari, M.F., Zhani, M.F., Zhang, Q., Ahmed, R., Boutaba, R.: CQNCR: Optimal VM migration planning in cloud data centers. In: 2014 IFIP Networking Conference, Trondheim, pp. 1–9 (2014)

  23. Stage, A., Setzer, T.: Network-aware migration control and scheduling of differentiated virtual machine workloads. In: Proceedings of the 2009 ICSE Workshop on Software Engineering Challenges of Cloud Computing (CLOUD ‘09). IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 9–14 (2009)

  24. Akoush, S., Sohan, R., Rice, A., Moore, A.W., Hopper, A.: Predicting the performance of virtual machine migration. In: 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems, Miami Beach, FL, pp. 37–46 (2010)

  25. Perelló, J., et al.: All-optical packet/circuit switching-based data center network for enhanced scalability, latency, and throughput. In: IEEE Network, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 14–22 (2013)

  26. Tran, T.X., Younis, A., Pompili, D.: Understanding the computational requirements of virtualized baseband units using a programmable cloud radio access network testbed. In: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC), Columbus, OH, pp. 221–226 (2017)

  27. [Online] Leveraging an Ecosystem of 5G services. http://mosaic-5g.io/resources/mosaic5g-oai-snaps-tutorial.pdf. Accessed 28 Oct 2019

  28. [Online] OpenAirInterface (OAI). https://gitlab.eurecom.fr/oai/openairinterface5g/wikis/OpenAirSystemRequirements. Accessed 28 Oct 2019

  29. Pelekanou, Anastasopoulos, M., Tzanakaki, A., Simeonidou, D.: Provisioning of 5G services employing machine learning techniques. In: 2018 International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM), Dublin, pp. 200–205 (2018)

  30. Choudhary, A., Govil, M., Singh, G., et al.: A critical survey of live virtual machine migration techniques. J. Cloud Comput 6(1), 23 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Gustafsson, E.: Optimizing total migration time in virtual machine live migration. Dissertation (2013)

  32. Mao, M., Humphrey, M.: A performance study on the VM startup time in the cloud. In: 2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Cloud Computing, Honolulu, HI, pp. 423–430 (2012)

  33. Kapil, D., Pilli, E.S., Joshi, R.C.: Live virtual machine migration techniques: Survey and research challenges. In: 2013 3rd IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC), Ghaziabad, pp. 963–969 (2013)

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work has been financially supported by the EU Horizon 2020 project 5G-PICTURE under Grant Agreement No. 762057, the EU Horizon 2020 project 5G-VICTORI under Grant Agreement No. 857201 and the EU Horizon 2020 project 5G-COMPLETE under Grant Agreement No. 871900.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Nikolaos Gkatzios & Anna Tzanakaki

  2. HPN Group, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

    Markos Anastasopoulos, Anna Tzanakaki & Dimitra Simeonidou

Authors
  1. Nikolaos Gkatzios
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Markos Anastasopoulos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Anna Tzanakaki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dimitra Simeonidou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nikolaos Gkatzios.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gkatzios, N., Anastasopoulos, M., Tzanakaki, A. et al. Optimized placement of virtualized resources for 5G services exploiting live migration. Photon Netw Commun 40, 233–244 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-020-00905-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-020-00905-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation