Skip to main content
Log in

Defining amplifier’s gain to maximize the transmission rate in optical systems using evolutionary algorithms and swarm intelligence

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Photonic Network Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Optical networks are currently the only technology capable of providing extremely high data transmission rates. Because of this, systems must be increasingly efficient and immune to failures. One way to improve network efficiency is to use dynamic approaches like Adaptive Control of Operating Point, which consists of autonomously choosing the best operating point for optical amplifiers on the link, thus providing the best configuration concerning Quality of transmission. Unlike the previous works that focused on optimizing Optical Signal-To-Noise Ratio, our proposal and analysis are focused on maximizing the transmission rate. In this paper, we compare the results obtained by five different and widely used evolutionary and swarm-based algorithms in the search for maximizing the transmission rate in optical links. We have observed that the differential evolution provided the best results in the analyzed scenarios.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

References

  1. Huang, Y., Cho, P., Samadi, P., Bergman, K.: Power excursion mitigation for flexgrid defragmentation with machine learning. J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 10, 69–76 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Moura, U. C., Oliveira, J. R. F., Oliveira, J. C. R. F., César, A. C.: EDFA adaptive gain control effect analysis over an amplifier cascade in a DWDM optical system. International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC). 2013/SBMO IEEE MTT-S. Pg. 1–5. (2013)

  3. Dong, Z., Khan, F.N., Sui, Q., Zhong, K., Lu, C., Lau, A.P.T.: Optical performance monitoring: a review of current and future technologies. J. Lightwave Technol. 34, 525–543 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Jinno, M., Takara, H., Kozicki, B., Tsukishima, Y., Sone, Y., Matsuoka, S.: Spectrum-efficient and scalable elastic optical path network: architecture, benefits, and enabling technologies. IEEE Commun. Mag. 47(11), 66–73 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Huang, Y., Cho, P. B., Samadi, P., Bergman, K.: Dynamic power pre-adjustments with machine learning that mitigate EDFA excursions during defragmentation. 2017 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC). Pg. 1–3. (2017)

  6. Barboza, E.d.A., Bastos-Filho, C.J.A., Martins-Filho, J.F., Silva, M.J., Coelho, L.D., Moura, U.C., Oliveira, J.R.F. (2017). Local and global approaches for the adaptive control of a cascade of amplifiers. Photonic Network Communications. Vol. 33. (2017)

  7. Oliveira, J.R.F., et al.: Demonstration of EDFA cognitive gain control via GMPLS for mixed modulation formats in heterogeneous optical networks. Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC). pg. 1–3. (2013)

  8. Moura, U., et al.: Cognitive methodology for optical amplifier gain adjustment in dynamic DWDM networks. J. Lightw. Technol. 34(8), 1971–1979 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Barboza, E.D.A., Bastos-Filho, C.J.A., Martins-Filho, J.F., Moura, U., Oliveira, J..R.F.: Self-adaptive erbium-doped fiber amplifiers using machine learning. SBMO/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC). Pg. 1–5. (2013)

  10. Barboza, E.A., Bastos-Filho, C.J.A., Martins-Filho, J.F.: Adaptive control of optical amplifier operating point using VOA and multi-objective optimization. J. Lightwave Technol. 37(16), 3994–4000 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Smith, K., and Zhou, Y. : Optical communications. World Intellectual Property Organization. PCT/EP2017/058555. (2017)

  12. Lima, F. C. N. O., Barboza, E. A., Bastos-Filho, C. J. A., Martins-Filho J. F.: Maximizing the Transmission Rate in Optical Systems using Swarm Intelligence. 2020 IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications (LATINCOM), pg. 1–6 (2020)

  13. Moura, U.C., Oliveira, J.R.F., Amgarten, R.L., Paiva, G.E.R., Oliveira, J.C.R.F.: Caracterizador automatizado de máscara de potáncia de amplificadores Ópticos para redes wdm reconfiguráveis. XXX Simpósio Brasileiro de Telecomunicações. (2012)

  14. Poggiolini, P.: The GN model of non-linear propagation in uncompensated coherent optical systems. J. Lightwave Technol. 30, 3857–3879 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Simon, D.: Evolutionary optimization algorithms-biologicallyinspired and population-based approaches tocomputer intelligence. Wiley, Hoboken (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Durillo, J.J., Nebro, A.J., Alba, E.: The jMetal framework for multi-objective optimization: design and architecture. CEC 2010, 4138–4325 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bilala, M.P., Zaheer, H., Garcia-Hernandez, L., Abraham A.: Differential evolution: a review of more than two decades of research. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 90. (2020)

  18. Karaboga, D., Gorkemli, B., Ozturk, C., Karaboga, N.: A comprehensive survey: artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm and applications. Artif. Intell. Rev. 42, 21–57 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Felipe C. N. O. Lima.

Ethics declarations

Funding

Not applicable

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest

Availability of data and material

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.

Code availability

Not applicable

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lima, F.C.N.O., Araújo, L.K.S., Silva, S.A. et al. Defining amplifier’s gain to maximize the transmission rate in optical systems using evolutionary algorithms and swarm intelligence. Photon Netw Commun 43, 74–84 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-022-00968-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-022-00968-w

Keywords

Navigation