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A large-alphabet three-party quantum key distribution protocol based on orbital and spin angular momenta hybrid entanglement

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Abstract

The orthogonality of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) eigenstates enables a single photon carry an arbitrary number of bits. Moreover, additional degrees of freedom (DOFs) of OAM can span a high-dimensional Hilbert space, which could greatly increase information capacity and security. Moreover, the use of the spin angular momentum–OAM hybrid entangled state can increase Shannon dimensionality, because photons can be hybrid entangled in multiple DOFs. Based on these observations, we develop a hybrid entanglement quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol to achieve three-party quantum key distribution without classical message exchanges. In our proposed protocol, a communicating party uses a spatial light modulator (SLM) and a specific phase hologram to modulate photons’ OAM state. Similarly, the other communicating parties use their SLMs and the fixed different phase holograms to modulate the OAM entangled photon pairs, producing the shared key among the parties Alice, Bob and Charlie without classical message exchanges. More importantly, when the same operation is repeated for every party, our protocol could be extended to a multiple-party QKD protocol.

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Acknowledgements

Hong Lai has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61702427) and the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No. SWU115091), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (XDJK2018C048) and the financial support in part by the 1000-Plan of Chongqing by Southwest University (No. SWU116007). Mingxing Luo is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61772437), and Sichuan Youth Science & Technique Foundation (No.2017JQ0048). Jun Zhang is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61401371). Josef Pieprzyk has been supported by National Science Centre, Poland, project registration number UMO-2014/15/B/ST6/05130.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer and Information Science and Centre for Research and Innovation in Software Engineering (RISE), Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China

    Hong Lai

  2. Information Security and National Computing Grid Laboratory, School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China

    Mingxing Luo

  3. School of Software and Electrical Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia

    Jun Zhang

  4. School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia

    Josef Pieprzyk

  5. Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-248, Warsaw, Poland

    Josef Pieprzyk

  6. School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia

    Lei Pan

  7. Department of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia

    Mehmet A. Orgun

  8. Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China

    Mehmet A. Orgun

Authors
  1. Hong Lai
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  2. Mingxing Luo
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  3. Jun Zhang
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  4. Josef Pieprzyk
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  5. Lei Pan
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  6. Mehmet A. Orgun
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Hong Lai or Mehmet A. Orgun.

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Lai, H., Luo, M., Zhang, J. et al. A large-alphabet three-party quantum key distribution protocol based on orbital and spin angular momenta hybrid entanglement. Quantum Inf Process 17, 162 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-018-1933-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-018-1933-7

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