Abstract
Randomness expansion is an important application of quantum theory in which random sources are used as seeds to produce fresh random bits. Existing randomness expansion protocols employ the two-party model, and the randomness gained by the participants is not easily controlled. In this study, we investigated three-party randomness expansion protocols based on the sequential quantum random access codes in a semi-device-independent framework. We added a middle participant to the two-party randomness expansion protocol to make the randomness obtained by the final participant controllable. In the three-party protocol, the quantum random access code (QRAC) is implemented twice in sequence, and each participant can extract randomness from his outcome. By finding the optimal trade-off between the two QRACs, we deduce the analytic relationship between the two-dimensional quantum witness violation and certified randomness of the last two participants.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61701229, 61901218), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant Nos. BK20170802, BK20190407), Postdoctoral Science Foundation-funded Project of China (Grant Nos. 2018 M630557, 2018T110499), Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds (Grant No. 1701139 B), The Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Cryptology, China (Grant No. MMKFKT201914)
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Wang, X., Yuan, J., Zhou, Y. et al. Semi-device-independent randomness expansion using \(n\rightarrow 1\) sequential quantum random access codes. Quantum Inf Process 20, 346 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-021-03234-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-021-03234-6