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New quantum circuit implementations of SM4 and SM3

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Abstract

In this paper, we propose some new quantum circuit implementations of SM4 block cipher and SM3 hash function, which are based on the following ideas. Firstly, we propose an improved classical circuit of SM4’s S-box, which requires less AND gates than the previous works. Our improved classical circuit of SM4’s S-box can be used for constructing a new quantum circuit of SM4’s S-box. Secondly, we propose a new implementation of the Feistel-like structure of SM4 so as to reduce the number of qubits and T-depth simultaneously. Thirdly, we reduce the number of qubits in our quantum circuit of SM3 by making use of linear message expansion algorithm of SM3. Fourthly, we propose some in-place implementations of the linear permutations of SM4 and SM3. Based on our new techniques, our stand-alone memory-efficient quantum circuit implementation of SM4 only requires 384 qubits, seven ancilla qubits and 33,024 T-depth, while our depth-efficient quantum circuit of SM4 requires 384 qubits, 1080 ancilla qubits and 455 T-depth. Furthermore, we propose a stand-alone memory-efficient quantum circuit implementation of SM3 with 768 qubits, 33 ancilla qubits and 144,768 T-depth, while our depth-efficient quantum circuit of SM3 requires 768 qubits, 202 ancilla qubits, and 25,344 T-depth. Compared to the previous work, our new quantum circuits of SM3 requires less qubits and T-depth.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank anonymous referees for their helpful comments and suggestions. Jian Zou is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61902073), Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2021J01623). Yiyuan Luo is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.62072207). Wenling Wu is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.62072445).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Computer and Data Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China

    Jian Zou, Liji Li & Qian Liu

  2. Key Lab of Information Security of Network Systems, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China

    Jian Zou, Liji Li & Qian Liu

  3. Data Communication Science and Technology Research Institute, Beijing, China

    Zihao Wei

  4. School of Computer Science and Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou, China

    Yiyuan Luo

  5. Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Wenling Wu

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  1. Jian Zou
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Correspondence to Jian Zou.

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Zou, J., Li, L., Wei, Z. et al. New quantum circuit implementations of SM4 and SM3. Quantum Inf Process 21, 181 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-022-03518-5

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