Abstract
The rapid development of digital technology together with the grassroots innovation has led to a new landmark of maker culture. Recently, a search with the query of ‘‘makerspace’’, ‘‘maker movement’’ and ‘‘maker culture’’ in Google Scholar found over 10,000 documents in total. As the volume of the literature grows rapidly, thus, a systematic review of maker research and its current challenges becomes essential. This study surveys the literature of maker between 1975 and 2016. The overall structure of its intellectual landscape is illustrated in terms of thematic concentrations of knowledge clusters of maker study, hot research categories and keywords, major contributing factors including contributing countries, organizations, and authors. Our review is based on 836 bibliographic records retrieved from the ISI Web of Science and visualized by the scientometric software of CiteSpace. This application results in comprehensive knowledge maps of maker research. The study identifies major intellectual cooperation network, co-occurrence keywords, research clusters and landmark articles, including: (1) the thematic clusters of ‘‘maker movement’’, ‘‘DIY culture and extended milieu’’, ‘‘craftsman hero’’ reflects the biggest knowledge base clusters of maker study. (2) “Physical computing”, “maker space”, “maker movement”, “3D printer” are the major frontiers of maker research based on analysis of citation burst. (3) In terms of contributing countries, institutions, authors, the major driving force of maker research is from the United States of America, England and Germany, with University of California Berkeley, Georgia Institute of Technology and Massachusetts Institute of Technology being major contributing institutions. Paulo Blikstein from Stanford University USA, Vasilis Kostakis from Tallinn University of Technology Estonia, Hans-Joachim Böhme from Technische Universität Ilmenau German all have published three articles and rank at the top of the author list.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
This is a comprehensive, user-maintained list of all active hackerspaces throughout the world. The website is https://wiki.hackerspaces.org/List_of_hackerspaces.
See Xie (2016).
Subject area terms in WoS: http://images.webofknowledge.com/WOKRS56B5/help/WOS/hp_subject_area_terms_easca.htm.
References
Anderson, C. (2012). Makers: The new industrial revolution. New York: Crown Business.
Benkler, Y. (2002). Coase’s Penguin, or, Linux and the Nature of the Firm. The Yale Law Journal, 112(3), 369–446.
Blikstein, P. (2012). Bifocal modeling: A study on the learning outcomes of comparing physical and computational models linked in real time. In ACM international conference on multimodal interfaces (pp. 257–264).
Böhme, H. J., Wilhelm, T., Key, J., Schauer, C., & Hempel, T. (2003). An approach to multi-modal human–machine interaction for intelligent service robots. Robotics & Autonomous Systems, 44(1), 83–96.
Chen, C. (2006). CiteSpace II: Detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient patterns in scientific literature. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 57(3), 359–377.
Chen, C., Dubin, R., & Kim, M. C. (2014). Orphan drugs and rare diseases: A scientometric review (2000–2014). Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs, 2(7), 709–724.
Dougherty, D. (2012). The maker movement. Innovations, 7(3), 11–14.
Dougherty, D. (2016). Free to make: How the maker movement is changing our schools, our jobs, and our minds. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books.
Gauntlett, D. (2011). Making is connecting. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Halverson, E. R., & Sheridan, K. M. (2014). The maker movement in education. Harvard Educational Review, 4, 495–504.
Harel, I., & Papert, S. (1991). Constructionism. New York: Ablex Publishing Corporation.
Hartley, J., Wen, W., & Li, S. (2015). Creative economy and culture: Challenges, changes and futures for the creative industries. London: Sage Publications Inc.
Hu, T. (2016). A prehistory of the cloud. Cambridge: The MIT Press. (Kindle Edition).
Keane, M. (2016). Internet + China: Unleashing the innovative nation strategy. International Journal of Cultural and Creative Industries, 3(2), 68–74.
Keane, M & Chen, Y. (2016). Sino Silicon Valley: Is China’s dream of innovation becoming a reality? Policy forum online. http://www.policyforum.net/sino-silicon-valley/. Accessed 27 Oct 2016.
Keane, M., & Chen, Y. (2017). Digital China: From cultural presence to innovative nation. Asiascape: Digital Asia, 4, 52–75.
Kleinberg, J. (2002). Bursty and hierarchical structure in streams. In Proceedings of the eighth ACM SIGKDD international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining (pp. 91–101). Edmonton: ACM Press.
Kostakis, V., Niaros, V., Dafermos, G., & Bauwens, M. (2015). Design global, manufacture local: exploring the contours of an emerging productive model. Futures, 73, 126–135.
Kostakis, V., Niaros, V., & Giotitsas, C. (2014). Production and governance in hackerspaces: A manifestation of commons-based peer production in the physical realm? International Journal of Cultural Studies, 18(5), 1–19.
Kouhia, A. (2015). The making-of: An autoethnographic cinema on the meanings of contemporary craft practicing for a young hobbyist. Textile, 13(3), 266–283.
Leadbeater, C. (2009). We think: Mass innovation, not mass production (2nd ed.). London: Profile Books.
Leadbeater, C., & Miller, P. (2004). The pro-am revolution: How enthusiasts are changing our economy and society. London: Demos.
Li, X., Ma, M., & Qu, H. (2017). Knowledge mapping of hospitality research—A visual analysis using CiteSpace. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 60, 77–93.
Lindtner, S. (2014). Hackerspaces and the Internet of Things in China: How makers are reinventing industrial production, innovation and the self. China Information, 28(2), 145–167.
Luckman, S. (2015). Craft and the creative economy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Mellis, D. A., Buechley, L., Resnick, M. & Hartmann, B. (2016). Engaging amateurs in the design, fabrication, and assembly of electronic devices. In: Proceedings of the designing interactive systems conference (DIS’16). ACM.
O’Sullivan, D., & Igoe, T. (2004). Physical computing sensing and controlling the physical world with computers. Boston: Thomson Course Technology.
Purdue, D., Dûrrschmidt, J., Jowers, P., & O’Doherty, R. (1997). DIY culture and extended milieux: LETS, veggie boxes and festivals. The Sociological Review, 45(4), 645–667.
Qin, Q., & Nie, Y. (2016). ‘jiyu cipin fenxi he keshihua gongci wangluotu de guonei chuangke yanjiu redian fenxi’ (Analysis of domestic maker’s research hotspots based on frequency analysis and visualization of word network diagram). Xiandai jiaoyu jishu (Modern Educational Technology), 26(1), 113–119.
Resnick, M. (2009). Programming for all. Communications of the ACM, 52, 60–67.
Rifkin, J. (2011). The third industrial revolution: How lateral power is transforming energy, the economy, and the world. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Sennett, R. (2008). The craftsman. London: Yale University Press.
Sheridan, K. M., Halverson, E. R., Litts, B. K., Brahms, L., Jacobs-Priebe, L., & Owens, T. (2014). Learning in the making: A comparative case study of three makerspaces. Harvard Educational Review, 84(4), 505–531.
Song, Z. & Wang, H. (2016). chuangye 2.0 shidai zhongguo chuangke wenhua fazhan ji duice yanjiu (Study on development strategies of the maker culture in China in Entrepreneurship 2.0 Era). Hebei xuekan (Hebei Academic Journal), 36(4):191–195.
Tanenbaum, J. G., Antle, A. N. & Robinson, J. (2013). Three perspectives on behavior change for serious games. In: Sigchi conference on human factors in computing system (pp. 3389–3392).
Taylor, N. & Connolly, P. (2016). Making community: The wider role of makerspaces in public life. In: Sigchi conference on human factors in computing system (pp. 1415–1425).
Wang, W. (2015). woguo chuangke kongjian yanjiu redian keshihua fenxi (Visualization analysis on research hotspots of makerspace in China). Xiandai qingbao (Journal of Modern Information), 35(12), 92–98.
Xie, B. (2016). China’s innovation & entrepreneurship report 2016. Biaozhun007.com online. http://www.useit.com.cn/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=13652. Accessed 10 Sept 2016.
Xu, G. & Lin, G. (2016). Gongzhong canyu chuangxin de shehui wangluo: chuangke wenhua yu chuangke kongjian (Public participation of innovation: Maker culture and makerspaces). Kexuexue yu kexue jishu guanli (Science of Science and Management of Science & Technology), 37(2):11–20.
Xu, S., & Li, Z. (2014). ‘gongzhong canyu chuangxin de shehui wangluo: chuangke yundong yu chuangke kongjian’ (Public participation of innovation: Maker movement and makerspaces). Kexuexue yanjiu (Studies in Science of Science), 32(12), 1789–1796.
Acknowledgements
I would like to give great thanks to Professor Michael Keane of Curtin University Australia for valuable discussions and suggestions throughout this research. This work is supported by Key Research Base of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Zhejiang Province (13JDCB02Z); State Scholarship Fund of China Scholarship Council (201508330629); 2015 High Education Research Project of High Education Association of Zhejiang Province (No.17); Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics High Education Research Project (No. JK201509); Hangzhou Dianzi University High Education Research Project (YB201620).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, Y., Wu, C. The hot spot transformation in the research evolution of maker. Scientometrics 113, 1307–1324 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2542-4
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-017-2542-4