Abstract
The importance of science in Africa has been gaining the interest of scholars and policymakers alike who find that the relationship between science and development is getting stronger than ever. Science in Africa continues to find its own place in the global world of science. However, there have not been any attempts in recent years to study the production of science in all African countries taken as a whole. In this bibliometric study, science in Africa is analyzed using the publications African countries have produced in the last 15 years i.e. from 2000 to 2015. It is not only the number of publications but also the research areas which are of great importance. Not many recent studies have examined the publication productivity of all African countries. The analysis undertaken here shows that a few countries, namely, South Africa, Egypt, Tunisia, Nigeria and Algeria are the leading countries. These produced the highest number of publications during 2000–2015. At the same time, some of the weakest countries in Africa have strengths in specific research areas and are thus able to contribute to knowledge production in those areas. The findings presented in the paper suggest the implications for development in Africa and the measures which could be taken.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adams, J., King, C., & Hook, D. (2010). Global research report, Africa 2010. Leeds: Evidence Thomson Reuters.
Amankwah-Amoah, J. (2016). The evolution of science, technology and innovation policies: A review of the Ghanaian experience. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 110, 134–142.
AOSTI (African Observatory of Science, Technology and Innovation. (2013). Science, technology and innovation policy-making in Afria: An assessment of capacity needs and priorities. Working Paper No. 2. Malabo, Equatorial Guinea. Malabo, The African Observatory of Science, Technology and Innovation (AOSTI).
Arvanitis, R., Waast, R., & Gaillard, J. (2000). Science in Africa: A bibliometric panorama using PASCAL database. Scientometrics, 47, 457–473.
AU (African Union). (2014). Science, technology and innovation strategy for Africa 2024. Addis Ababa: African Union Commission.
Blom, A., Lan, G., & Adil, M. (2016). Sub-Saharan African science, technology, engineering, and mathematics research: A decade of development. Washington, D.C.: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The World Bank.
Confraria, H., & Godinho, M. M. (2015). The impact of African science: A bibliometric analysis. Scientometrics, 102, 1241–1268.
Davies, J., & Mullan, Z. (2016). Research capacity in Africa—will the sun rise again? The Lancet Global Health, 4, 287.
Davis, C. H. (1983). Institutional sectors of ‘mainstream’ science production in sub-Saharan Africa, 1970–1979: A quantitative analysis. Scientometrics, 5, 163–175.
Gaillard, J. (1992). Science policies and cooperation in Africa: Trends in the production and utilization of knowledge. Science Communication, 14, 212–233.
Gaillard, J. (2000). Science in Africa at the dawn of the 21st century: Country Report Tanzania. Paris: IRD (Institut de Recherches pour le Développement).
Gaillard, J. (2003). Tanzania: A case of ‘dependent science’. Science Technology and Society, 8, 317–343.
Irikefe, V., Vaidyanathan, G., Nordling, L., Twahirwa, A., Nakkazi, E., & Monastersky, R. (2011). Science in Africa: View from the front line. Nature, 474, 556–559.
Kahn, M. (2011). A bibliometric analysis of South Africa’s scientific outputs: Some trends and implications. South African Journal of Science. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajs.vl4107il/4102.4406.
Kraemer-Mbula, E., & Scerri, M. (2015). Southern Africa. In UNESCO (Ed.), UNESCO science report: Towards 2030 (pp. 535–565). Paris: UNESCO.
Landini, F., Malerba, F., & Mavilia, R. (2015). The structure and dynamics of networks of scientific collaborations in Northern Africa. Scientometrics, 105, 1787–1807.
Lateef, A., Ogunkunle, A. T. J., & Adigun, G. O. (2016). Google scholar citation in retrospect: Visibility and contributions of African scholars. Journal of Scientometrics and Information Management, 10, 219–236.
Mbatha, A. (2014). Africa’s GDP up 50% by 2019—Deloitte. Business Report, p. 17.
Mêgnigbêto, E. (2013). Scientific publishing in West Africa: Comparing Benin with Ghana and Senegal. Scientometrics, 95, 1113–1139.
Mouton, J., Gaillard, J., & Lill, M. V. (2015). Functions of science granting councils in sub-Saharan Africa. In N. Cloete, P. Maassen, & T. Bailey (Eds.), Knowledge production and contradictory functions in African higher education (pp. 148–171). Cape Town: African Minds.
Mouton, J., & Boshoff, N. (n.d). Mapping research systems in developing countries: Country report—The science and technology system of Ethiopia. Paris: UNESCO.
Narváez-Berthelemot, N., Russel, J. M., Arvanitis, R., Waast, R., & Gaillard, J. (2002). Science in Africa: An overview of mainstream scientific output. Scientometrics, 54, 229–241.
Nordling, L. (2010). African nations vow to support science. Nature, 465, 994–995.
Nordling, L. (2014). Africa science plan attacked. Nature, 510, 453–454.
Nwagwu, W. (2006). A bibliometric analysis of productivity patterns of biomedical authors of Nigeria during 1967–2002. Scientometrics, 69, 259–269.
Onyancha, O. B. (2011). Research collaborations between South Africa and other countries, 1986–2005: An informetric analysis. African Journal of Library and Information Science, 21(2), 99–112.
Owusu-Nimo, F., & Boshoff, N. (2017). Research collaboration in Ghana: Patterns, motives and roles. Scientometrics, 110, 1099–1121.
Pouris, A. (2006). A bibliometric assessment of South African research publications included in the internationally indexed database of Thomson ISI Report on a Strategic Approach to Research Publishing in South Africa in South Africa (pp. 9–29). Pretoria: Academy of Science of South Africa.
Pouris, A. (2010). A scientometric assessment of the Southern Africa Development community: Science in the tip of Africa. Scientometrics, 85, 145–154.
Pouris, A. (2012). Science in South Africa: The dawn of a renaissance? South African Journal of Science, 108, 1–6.
Pouris, A., & Ho, Y.-S. (2014). Research emphasis and collaboration in Africa. Scientometrics, 98, 2169–2184.
Pouris, A., & Pouris, A. (2009). The state of science and technology in Africa (2000–2004): A scientometric assessment. Scientometrics, 79, 297–309.
Schemm, Y. (2013). Africa doubles research output over past decade, moves towards a knowledge-based economy. Research Trends, 35. https://www.researchtrends.com/issue-35-december-2013/africa-doubles-research-output/.
Sooryamoorthy, R. (2009). Do types of collaboration change citation? Collaboration and citation patterns of South African science publications. Scientometrics, 81, 171–193.
Sooryamoorthy, R. (2015). Transforming science in South Africa: Development, collaboration and productivity. Hampshire, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Tijssen, R. J. W. (2007). Africa’s contribution to the worldwide research literature: New analytical perspectives, trends, and performance indicators. Scientometrics, 71, 303–327.
Tijssen, R. (2015). Research output and international research cooperation in African flagship universities. In N. Cloete, P. Maassen, & T. Bailey (Eds.), Knowledge production and contradictory functions in African higher education (pp. 61–74). Cape Town: African Minds.
Toivanen, H., & Ponomariov, B. (2011). African regional innovation systems: Bibliometric analysis of research collaboration patterns 2005–2009. Scientometrics, 88, 471–493.
Waast, R. (2002). The state of science in Africa: An overview. Paris: L’Institut de Recherches pour le Développement.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sooryamoorthy, R. The production of science in Africa: an analysis of publications in the science disciplines, 2000–2015. Scientometrics 115, 317–349 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-018-2675-0
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-018-2675-0