Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

What’s in a name? Exploring the conceptual structure of emerging organizations

  • Published:
Scientometrics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study describes the conceptual structure of emerging organisations on the basis of research over the past 26 years. During this period, terms and theoretical perspectives have proliferated, creating a field that is highly fragmented and dispersed. Using a co-word analysis based on author keywords, we selected the most frequent key-terms to provide a complete overview of current studies. In particular, through cluster analysis, we highlight the labels that entrepreneurship scholars have used to investigate emerging organisations and illustrate how they are arranged in subgroups. Furthermore, we interpret the distances among terms with multidimensional scaling. Using overlay visualization, we anchor the relevance of the keywords over time. Our findings show that five possible conceptualizations of emerging organisations coexist. These range from antecedents of venture creation to innovation mechanisms. We conclude that entrepreneurial nascency is just one of several descriptive components used in academic studies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Unknown author.

  2. Further, the choice of setting our search on 1991 as the initial year was driven by the limitation of WoS, which permits searches within titles, keywords, and abstracts only since 1991.

References

  • Acedo, F. J., Barroso, C., & Galan, J. L. (2006). The resource-based theory: Dissemination and main trends. Strategic Management Journal, 27(7), 621–636.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baden-Fuller, C. (1995). Strategic innovation, corporate entrepreneurship and matching outside-into inside-out approaches to strategy research 1. British Journal of Management, 6, S3–S16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bar-Ilan, J. (2008). Which h-index? A comparison of WoS, Scopus and Google Scholar. Scientometrics, 74(2), 257–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, A., Knyphausen-Aufseß, D. Z., & Brem, A. (2015). Beyond traditional developmental models: A fresh perspective on entrepreneurial new venture creation. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 7(2), 152–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benavides-Velasco, C. A., Quintana-García, C., & Guzmán-Parra, V. F. (2013). Trends in family business research. Small Business Economics, 40(1), 41–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhave, M. P. (1994). A process model of entrepreneurial venture creation. Journal of Business Venturing, 9(3), 223–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bird, M., & Wennberg, K. (2014). Regional influences on the prevalence of family versus non-family start-ups. Journal of Business Venturing, 29(3), 421–436.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boonman, H. J., & Siddiqui, A. S. (2017). Capacity optimization under uncertainty: The impact of operational time lags. European Journal of Operational Research, 262(2), 660–672.

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Børsting, C., & Thomsen, S. (2017). Foundation ownership, reputation, and labour. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 33(2), 317–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Busenitz, L. W., Plummer, L. A., Klotz, A. C., Shahzad, A., & Rhoads, K. (2014). Entrepreneurship research (1985–2009) and the emergence of opportunities. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 38(05), 981–1000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Callon, M., Courtial, J. P., & Laville, F. (1991). Co-word analysis as a tool for describing the network of interactions between basic and technological research: The case of polymer chemsitry. Scientometrics, 22(1), 155–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Callon, M., Courtial, J. P., Turner, W. A., & Bauin, S. (1983). From translations to problematic networks: An introduction to co-word analysis. Social Science Information, 22(2), 191–235.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cambrosio, A., Limoges, C., Courtial, J., & Laville, F. (1993). Historical scientometrics? Mapping over 70 years of biological safety research with coword analysis. Scientometrics, 27(2), 119–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carter, N. M., Gartner, W. B., & Reynolds, P. D. (1996). Exploring start-up event sequences. Journal of Business Venturing, 11(3), 151–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castriotta, M., & Di Guardo, M. C. (2016). Disentangling the automotive technology structure: A patent co-citation analysis. Scientometrics, 107(2), 819–837.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandra, Y. (2018). Mapping the evolution of entrepreneurship as a field of research (1990–2013): A scientometric analysis. PloS ONE, 13(1), e0190228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Choi, J., & Lee, J. (2017). Repairing the R&D market failure: Public R&D subsidy and the composition of private R&D. Research Policy, 46(8), 1465–1478.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, J. M., Quast, L. N., Jang, S., Wohkittel, J., Center, B., Edwards, K., et al. (2016). GLOBE study culture clusters: Can they be found in importance ratings of managerial competencies? European Journal of Training and Development, 40(7), 534–553.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cobo, M. J., Chiclana, F., Collop, A., de Ona, J., & Herrera-Viedma, E. (2014). A bibliometric analysis of the intelligent transportation systems research based on science mapping. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 15(2), 901–908.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cobo, M. J., Lopez-Herrera, A. G., Herrera-Viedma, E., & Herrera, F. (2011). An approach for detecting, quantifying, and visualizing the evolution of a research field: A practical application to the fuzzy sets theory field. Journal of Informetrics, 5(1), 146–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuccurullo, C., Aria, M., & Sarto, F. (2016). Foundations and trends in performance management. A twenty-five years bibliometric analysis in business and public administration domains. Scientometrics, 108(2), 595–611.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidsson, P. (2006). Nascent entrepreneurship: Empirical studies and developments. Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 1–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidsson, P. (2016). Researching entrepreneurship: Conceptualization and design (Vol. 33). Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidsson, P., & Gordon, S. R. (2012). Panel studies of new venture creation: A methods-focused review and suggestions for future research. Small Business Economics, 39(4), 853–876.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidsson, P., & Gordon, S. R. (2016). Much ado about nothing? The surprising persistence of nascent entrepreneurs through macroeconomic crisis. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 40(4), 915–941.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Vita, L., Mari, M., & Poggesi, S. (2014). Women entrepreneurs in and from developing countries: Evidences from the literature. European Management Journal, 32(3), 451–460.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dehdarirad, T., Villarroya, A., & Barrios, M. (2014). Research trends in gender differences in higher education and science: A co-word analysis. Scientometrics, 101(1), 273–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Gregorio, D., & Shane, S. (2003). Why do some universities generate more start ups than others. Research Policy, 32(2), 209–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Guardo, M. C., Galvagno, M., & Cabiddu, F. (2012). Analysing the intellectual structure of e-service research. International Journal of E-Services and Mobile Applications (IJESMA), 4(2), 19–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Guardo, M. C., & Harrigan, K. R. (2012). Mapping research on strategic alliances and innovation: A co-citation analysis. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 37(6), 789–811.

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Stefano, G., Gambardella, A., & Verona, G. (2012). Technology push and demand pull perspectives in innovation studies: Current findings and future research directions. Research Policy, 41(8), 1283–1295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ding, Y., Chowdhury, G. G., & Foo, S. (2001). Bibliometric cartography of information retrieval research by using co-word analysis. Information Processing and Management, 37(6), 817–842.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Dino, R. N. (2015). Crossing boundaries: Toward integrating creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship research through practice. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 9(2), 139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drover, W., Busenitz, L., Matusik, S., Townsend, D., Anglin, A., & Dushnitsky, G. (2017). A review and road map of entrepreneurial equity financing research: Venture capital, corporate venture capital, angel investment, crowdfunding, and accelerators. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1820–1853.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelsman, E. C., & van Raan, A. F. (1994). A patent-based cartography of technology. Research Policy, 23(1), 1–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eveleens, C. P., van Rijnsoever, F. J., & Niesten, E. M. (2017). How network-based incubation helps start-up performance: A systematic review against the background of management theories. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 42(3), 676–713.

    Google Scholar 

  • Falagas, M. E., Pitsouni, E. I., Malietzis, G. A., & Pappas, G. (2008). Comparison of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar: Strengths and weaknesses. The FASEB Journal: Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 22(2), 338–342.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng, J., Zhang, Y. Q., & Zhang, H. (2017). Improving the co-word analysis method based on semantic distance. Scientometrics, 111(3), 1521–1531.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferreira, A., & Teixeira, A. L. (2016). Intra-and extra-organisational foundations of innovation processes—The information and communication technology sector under the crisis in portugal. International Journal of Innovation Management, 20(06), 1650056.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gartner, W. B. (1985). A conceptual framework for describing the phenomenon of new venture creation. The Academy of Management Review, 10(4), 696.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gartner, W. B. (1988). “Who is an entrepreneur?” is the wrong question. American Journal of Small Business, 12(4), 11–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gartner, W. B. (1990). What are we talking about when we talk about entrepreneurship? Journal of Business Venturing, 5(1), 15–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gartner, W. B. (1993). Words lead to deeds: Towards an organizational emergence vocabulary. Journal of Business Venturing, 8(3), 231–239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gartner, W. B. (2016). Entrepreneurship as organizing: Selected papers of William B. Gartner: Edward Elgar Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gartner, W. B., Bird, B. J., & Starr, Ja. (1992). Acting as if; differentiating entrepreneurial from organizational behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(3), 13–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grègoire, D. A., Noel, M. X., Déry, R., & Béchard, J. P. (2006). Is there conceptual convergence in entrepreneurship research? A co-citation analysis of frontiers of entrepreneurship research, 1981–2004. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(3), 333–373.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta, B., & Dhawan, S. (2009). Status of India in science and technology as reflected in its publication output in the Scopus international database, 1996–2006. Scientometrics, 80(2), 473–490.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, E. L. (1990). Entrepreneurial networks: Their effect on new organization outcomes. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee.

  • Hansen, Eric L., & Wortman, S. M. (1989). Entrepreneurial networks: The organization in vitro. Academy of Management Proceedings, 1, 69–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heneberg, P. (2011). Supposed steep increase in publications on cruciate ligament and other topics. European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, 21(6), 401–405.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hernández-Linares, R., Sarkar, S., & Cobo, M. J. (2018). Inspecting the Achilles heel: A quantitative analysis of 50 years of family business definitions. Scientometrics, 115(2), 929–951.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hjorth, D., Holt, R., & Steyaert, C. (2015). Entrepreneurship and process studies. International Small Business Journal, 33(6), 599–611.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopp, C., & Sonderegger, R. (2015). Understanding the dynamics of nascent entrepreneurship—Prestart-up experience, intentions, and entrepreneurial success. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(4), 1076–1096.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hornsby, J. S., Kuratko, D. F., & Zahra, S. A. (2002). Middle managers’ perception of the internal environment for corporate entrepreneurship: Assessing a measurement scale. Journal of Business Venturing, 17(3), 253–273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katz, J., & Gartner, W. B. (1988). Properties of emerging organizations. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 429–442.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khasseh, A. A., Soheili, F., Moghaddam, H. S., & Chelak, A. M. (2017). Intellectual structure of knowledge in iMetrics: A co-word analysis. Information Processing and Management, 53(3), 705–720.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klotz, A. C., Hmieleski, K. M., Bradley, B. H., & Busenitz, L. W. (2014). New venture teams: A review of the literature and roadmap for future research. Journal of Management, 40(1), 226–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koontz, H. (1980). The management theory jungle revisited. Academy of Management Review, 5(2), 175–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krieger, A., Block, J., & Stuetzer, M. (2018). Skill variety in entrepreneurship: A literature review and research directions. International Review of Entrepreneurship, 16(1), 29–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuratko, D. F., & Audretsch, D. B. (2013). Clarifying the domains of corporate entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9(3), 323–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuratko, D. F., & Morris, M. H. (2018). Examining the future trajectory of entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business Management, 56(1), 11–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuratko, D. F., Morris, M. H., & Schindehutte, M. (2015). Understanding the dynamics of entrepreneurship through framework approaches. Small Business Economics, 45(1), 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landström, H., & Harirchi, G. (2018). The social structure of entrepreneurship as a scientific field. Research Policy, 47(3), 650–662.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larson, A., & Starr, J. A. (1993). A network model of organization formation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 17(2), 5–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loi, M., Castriotta, M., & Di Guardo, M. C. (2016). The theoretical foundations of entrepreneurship education: How co-citations are shaping the field. International Small Business Journal, 34(7), 948–971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Long, D., Geng, L., & Shakeel, M. (2016). Antecedent factors of business planning in the new venture emergence in China. Chinese Management Studies, 10(3), 510–526.

    Google Scholar 

  • Low, M. B., & MacMillan, I. C. (1988). Entrepreneurship: Past research and future challenges. Journal of Management, 14(2), 139–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markoulli, M., Lee, C. I., Byington, E., & Felps, W. A. (2017). Mapping human resource management: Reviewing the field and charting future directions. Human Resource Management Review, 27(3), 367–396.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCain, K. W. (1990). Mapping authors in intellectual space: A technical overview. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 41(6), 433–443.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMullan, W. E., & Long, W. A. (1990). Developing new ventures: The entrepreneurial option. ‎San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMullen, J. S., & Dimov, D. (2013). Time and the entrepreneurial journey: The problems and promise of studying entrepreneurship as a process. Journal of Management Studies, 50(8), 1481–1512.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendenhall, T., Harper, P., Stephenson, H., & Santo Haas, G. (2011). The SANTA project (Students Against Nicotine and Tobacco Addiction): Using community-based participatory research to reduce smoking in a high-risk young adult population. Action Research, 9(2), 199–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, M., Libaers, D., Thijs, B., Grant, K., Glänzel, W., & Debackere, K. (2014). Origin and emergence of entrepreneurship as a research field. Scientometrics, 98(1), 473–485.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muñoz-Bullon, F., Sanchez-Bueno, M. J., & Vos-Saz, A. (2015). Startup team contributions and new firm creation: The role of founding team experience. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 27(1–2), 80–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muñoz-Leiva, F., Porcu, L., & Barrio-García, S. D. (2015). Discovering prominent themes in integrated marketing communication research from 1991 to 2012: A co-word analytic approach. International Journal of Advertising, 34(4), 678–701.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murgado-Armenteros, E. M., Gutiérrez-Salcedo, M., Torres-Ruiz, F. J., & Cobo, M. J. (2015). Analysing the conceptual evolution of qualitative marketing research through science mapping analysis. Scientometrics, 102(1), 519–557.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noyons, E. C., Moed, H. F., & Luwel, M. (1999). Combining mapping and citation analysis for evaluative bibliometric purposes: A bibliometric study. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 50(2), 115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nsanzineza, R., O’Connell, M., Brinkman, G., & Milford, J. B. (2017). Emissions implications of downscaled electricity generation scenarios for the western United States. Energy Policy, 109, 601–608.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perkmann, M., & Spicer, A. (2014). How emerging organizations take form: The role of imprinting and values in organizational bricolage. Organization Science, 25(6), 1785–1806.

    Google Scholar 

  • Qin, X., Wang, Z., Zhao, H., & Kaspersen, L. B. (2016). The focus and frontier of corporate social responsibility: A co-word analysis of articles in SSCI, 2001–2014. Nankai Business Review International, 7(2), 130–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ravikumar, S., Agrahari, A., & Singh, S. N. (2015). Mapping the intellectual structure of scientometrics: A co-word analysis of the journal Scientometrics (2005–2010). Scientometrics, 102(1), 929–955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, P. D. (2001). National panel study of US business startups: Background and methodology. In J. Katz & A. C. Corbett (Eds.), Databases for the study of entrepreneurship (pp. 153–227). Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, P. D. (2007). New firm creation in the United States a PSED I overview. Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship, 3(1), 1–150.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, P. D. (2017). When is a firm born? Alternative criteria and consequences. Business Economics, 52(1), 41–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, P. D., Storey, D. J., & Westhead, P. (1994). Cross-national comparisons of the variation in new firm formation rates. Regional Studies, 28(4), 443–456.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, P. D., & White, S. B. (1997). The entrepreneurial process. In Economic growth, men, women, and minorities. Westport: Quorum Books.

  • Reynolds, P., & Miller, B. (1992). New firm gestation: Conception, birth, and implications for research. Journal of Business Venturing, 7(5), 405–417.

    Google Scholar 

  • Romo-Fernández, L. M., Guerrero-Bote, V. P., & Moya-Anegón, F. (2013). Co-word based thematic analysis of renewable energy (1990–2010). Scientometrics, 97(3), 743–765.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ronda-Pupo, G. A., & Guerras-Martin, L. (2012). Dynamics of the evolution of the strategy concept 1962–2008: A co-word analysis. Strategic Management Journal, 33(2), 162–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salamzadeh, A. (2015). New venture creation: Controversial perspectives and theories. Economic Analysis, 48(3/4), 101–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salamzadeh, A., & Kirby, D. A. (2017). New venture creation: How start-ups grow? AD-minister, 30, 9–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salamzadeh, A., & Markovic, M. R. (2018). Shortening the learning curve of media start-ups in accelerators: Case of a developing country. In A. Gyamfi & I. Williams (Eds.), Evaluating media richness in organizational learning (pp. 36–48). IGI Global.

  • Sedighi, M. (2016). Application of word co-occurrence analysis method in mapping of the scientific fields (case study: The field of Informetrics). Library Review, 65(1/2), 52–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sedighi, M., & Jalalimanesh, A. (2017). Mapping research trends in the field of knowledge management. Malaysian Journal of Library and Information Science, 19(1), 71–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shiau, W. L., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Tsai, C. H. (2015). Supply chain management: Exploring the intellectual structure. Scientometrics, 105(1), 215–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shook, C. L., Priem, R. L., & McGee, J. E. (2003). Venture creation and the enterprising individual: A review and synthesis. Journal of Management, 29(3), 379–399.

    Google Scholar 

  • Small, H. (1999). Visualizing science by citation mapping. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 50(9), 799–813.

    Google Scholar 

  • Su, H. N., & Lee, P. C. (2010). Mapping knowledge structure by keyword co-occurrence: A first look at journal papers in technology foresight. Scientometrics, 85(1), 65–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, J. D. (1967). Organizations in action: Social science bases of administrative theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tornikoski, E. T., & Newbert, S. L. (2007). Exploring the determinants of organizational emergence: A legitimacy perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(2), 311–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tranfield, D., Denyer, D., & Smart, P. (2003). Towards a methodology for developing evidence-informed management knowledge by means of systematic review. British Journal of Management, 14(3), 207–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuazon, G., Bellavitis, C., & Filatotchev, I. (2018). Nascent entrepreneurship: Current research directions and controversies. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3112511 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3112511. Access September 04, 2018.

  • Van de Ven, A. H., Angle, H. L., & Poole, M. S. (1989). Research on the management of innovation. New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2007). VOS: A new method for visualizing similarities between objects. In Advances in data analysis (pp. 299–306). Berlin: Springer

  • van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84(2), 523–538.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2017). Citation-based clustering of publications using CitNetExplorer and VOSviewer. Scientometrics, 111(2), 1053–1070.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2018). VOSviewer manual. Erişim adresi: http://www.vosviewer. com/download/f-z2w2.pdf.

  • Vesper, K. H. (1990). New venture strategies (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volery, T., & Mazzarol, T. (2015). The evolution of the small business and entrepreneurship field: A bibliometric investigation of articles published in the International Small Business Journal. International Small Business Journal, 33(4), 374–396.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, J. (2007). Nascent entrepreneurs. In S. Parker (Ed.), The Life Cycle of Entrepreneurial Ventures (pp. 15–37). Springer, Boston, MA: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallmeroth, J., Wirtz, P., & Groh, A. P. (2018). Venture capital, angel financing, and crowdfunding of entrepreneurial ventures: A literature review. Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship, 14(1), 1–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waltman, L., van Eck, N. J., & Noyons, E. C. M. (2010). A unified approach to mapping and clustering of bibliometric networks. Journal of Informetrics, 4(4), 629–635.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welter, F., Baker, T., Audretsch, D. B., & Gartner, W. B. (2017). Everyday entrepreneurship—A call for entrepreneurship research to embrace entrepreneurial diversity. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(3), 311–321.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whetten, D. A. (1987). Organizational growth and decline processes. Annual Review of Sociology, 13(1), 335–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xie, P. (2015). Study of international anticancer research trends via co-word and document co-citation visualization analysis. Scientometrics, 105(1), 611–622.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yan, B. N., Lee, T. S., & Lee, T. P. (2015). Mapping the intellectual structure of the Internet of Things (IoT) field (2000–2014): A co-word analysis. Scientometrics, 105(2), 1285–1300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, S., Han, R., Wolfram, D., & Zhao, Y. (2016). Visualizing the intellectual structure of information science (2006–2015): Introducing author keyword coupling analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 10(1), 132–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yue, H. (2012). Mapping the intellectual structure by co-word: A case of international management science. In F. L. Wang, J. Lei, Z. Gong, & X. Luo (Eds.), Web information systems and mining (pp. 621–628). Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zapkau, F. B., Schwens, C., & Kabst, R. (2017). The role of prior entrepreneurial exposure in the entrepreneurial process: A review and future research implications. Journal of Small Business Management, 55(1), 56–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, J., Xie, J., Hou, W., Tu, X., Xu, J., Song, F., et al. (2012). Mapping the knowledge structure of research on patient adherence: Knowledge domain visualization based co-word analysis and social network analysis. PLoS ONE, 7(4), 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, W., Zhang, Q., Yu, B., & Zhao, L. (2015). Knowledge map of creativity research based on keywords network and co-word analysis, 1992–2011. Quality & Quantity, 49(3), 1023–1038.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zupic, I., & Čater, T. (2015). Bibliometric methods in management and organization. Organizational Research Methods, 18(3), 429–447.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Economics and Business, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy

    Manuel Castriotta, Michela Loi, Elona Marku & Luca Naitana

Authors
  1. Manuel Castriotta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michela Loi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Elona Marku
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Luca Naitana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Manuel Castriotta.

Appendices

Appendix I

See Table 6.

Table 6 Overview of the selected literature reviews and theoretical frameworks on the topic of emerging organizations
Full size table

Appendix II

See Table 7.

Table 7 Workflow protocol for conducting science mapping with bibliometric methods (Zupic and Čater 2015; McCain 1990; Tranfield et al. 2003)
Full size table

Appendix III

See Table 8.

Table 8 Overview of the main terms identifying the emerging organizations’ research field
Full size table

Appendix IV

See Table 9.

Table 9 WoS database search query
Full size table

Appendix V

See Fig. 3.

Fig. 3
figure 3

Flowchart illustrating the process of data collection

Full size image

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Castriotta, M., Loi, M., Marku, E. et al. What’s in a name? Exploring the conceptual structure of emerging organizations. Scientometrics 118, 407–437 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-018-2977-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-018-2977-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation