Abstract
The phenomenon of scientific mobility, actively developing in recent decades, attracts increasing attention of researchers in view of its importance for the development of science, dissemination of scientific knowledge, making informed decisions in the management of science and training of qualified personnel. Based on an extensive analysis of the literature on the topic in the last 30 years with the use of bibliometric approaches, this paper outlines the main evolutionary stages of scientific mobility in the context of brain drain and circulation concepts; considers relations, advantages and disadvantages of scientific mobility in relation to scientific inbreeding; describes the main approaches and methodological aspects formed today in the study of the scientists mobility; discusses its positive and negative consequences for researchers, organizations, countries, and individual disciplines, and summarizes the motivations and driving forces of scientists when leaving the country and when returning.
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Notes
Inbreeding (in—"inside" and breeding) is a form of homogeneity, crossing closely related forms within a single population of organisms (animals or plants).
Brain drain is a situation in which the outgoing flow of scientists from the country significantly exceeds the incoming flow (Morano-Foadi 2005).
Brain gain is a situation in which qualified scientists move from their home country (donor country) to the host country (recipient country) (Morano-Foadi 2005).
Brain circulation/exchange is a situation in which the scientists flows outgoing from and entering the country are approximately the same (Morano-Foadi 2005).
Brain networking is an internet-based professional collaboration of mobile scientists abroad with scientists from their home country (Ciumasu 2010). A broader definition of brain networking is also provided, covering any fact of distance professional interaction between scientists of two countries (Shmatko and Volkova 2017).
Brain overflow is the discrepancy between the number of highly qualified personnel produced and the amount of demand for scientific activity (Shmatko and Volkova 2017).
Brain waste is the situation of scientists de-qualification in which their work in the new country is not directly related to their previous activities and does not require high qualification (Morano-Foadi 2005).
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the anonymous referees for their rigorous reviews. The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 18-011-00797) and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Project No. 0334-2019-0006).
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Gureyev, V.N., Mazov, N.A., Kosyakov, D.V. et al. Review and analysis of publications on scientific mobility: assessment of influence, motivation, and trends. Scientometrics 124, 1599–1630 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03515-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03515-4
Keywords
- Scientific mobility
- Academic mobility
- Scientific migration
- Brain drain
- Brain circulation
- Brain exchange
- Inbreeding
- Career progress
- Citation analysis