Skip to main content
Log in

Simulating distributed and coordinated conveying systems

An object-oriented approach

  • Published:
The Journal of Supercomputing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We present the design and implementation of a new object-oriented simulation platform for a decentralized material handling system called the Coordinated Conveying System (CCS). CCS is a new approach to conveying entities, i.e., materials and people. It is also a generalized framework in which the connections between structure and behavior can be systematically studied. In this system, a collection of mobile units moves periodically along fixed tracks. Entities are transferred from some input to an output unit by the mobile units; entities can also transfer between mobile units during a space–time event called a rendezvous. This systems framework and model of conveying exposes a rich spectrum of spatio-temporal behaviors that have interesting connections to core issues in scheduling, resource allocation, communication, embedded systems, automation, and programming. The complexity of CCS arises from the interactions between the mobile units; hence, it is difficult to construct a system-level model for these dynamic behaviors, even though the behavior of individual units is simple. For these reasons, the simulator we present enables a systematic investigation of cyber-physical issues in CCS. Since all the details of CCS are not yet fully understood, we designed an extensible simulator using the Model-View-Controller architecture. The object-oriented approach helped us to model the CCS artifacts in a natural manner and, hence, reduced the complexity of our design.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. CCS was originally referred to as the Cloud Conveyor System; since this phrase could create unintended confusion, we use Coordinated Conveying System because it more appropriately reflects the behavior of this novel system.

References

  1. An K, Trewyn A, Gokhale A, Sastry S (2011) Model-driven performance analysis of reconfigurable conveyor systems used in material handling applications. In: Second IEEE/ACM International Conference on Cyber Physical Systems (ICCPS 2011). IEEE, Chicago, IL, USA, pp 141–150

  2. Andrea RD, Wurman P (2008) Future challenges of coordinating hundreds of autonomous vehicles in distribution facilities. In: 2008 IEEE International Conference on Technologies for Practical Robot Applications, pp 80–83

  3. Berman S, Edan Y (2002) Decentralized autonomous agv system for material handling. Int J Prod Res 40(15):3995–4006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Budd T (1991) An introduction to object-oriented programming. Addison Wesley Longman, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  5. Davis J, Morgan T (2013) Object-oriented development at Brooklyn Union Gas. IEEE Softw 10:67–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Flipse M (2011) Altering and improving kiva. http://www.few.vu.nl/~mfe300/M/kiva-paper.pdf. Accessed 28 July 2016

  7. Gokhale A, Biswas G, Sarkar N, Sastry S, Branicky M (2013) CPS Laboratory-as-a-service: enabling technology for readily accessible and scalable CPS education. In: Proceedings of the first workshop on cyber-physical systems education (CPS-Ed 2013) at Cyber Physical Systems Week, Philadelphia, PA

  8. Guizzo E (2008) Three engineers, hundreds of robots, one warehouse. Spectr IEEE 45(7):26–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Hunziker D, Gajamohan M,Waibel M, DAndrea R (2013) Rapyuta: the roboearth cloud engine. In: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) , Karlsruhe, Germany, 6–10 May 2013

  10. Kamagaew A, Stenzel J, Nettstrter A, ten Hompel M (2011) Concept of cellular transport systems in facility logistics. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Automation, Robots and Applications (ICARA 2011)

  11. Lee MK, Forlizzi J, Rybski PE, Crabbe F, Chung W, Finkle J (2009) The snackbot: Documenting the design of a robot for long-term human-robot interaction. In: Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). ACM, pp 7–14

  12. Mahadevan B, Narendran TT (1990) Design of an automated guided vehicle-based material handling system for a flexible manufacturing system. Int J Prod Res 28(9):16111622

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. McFarlan F, Andersen E, University H (1994) American Airlines: object oriented flight dispatching systems. Harvard Business School Case Services, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  14. Rajkumar R, Lee I, Sha L, Stankovic J (2010) Cyber-physical systems: the next computing revolution. In: ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference. Anaheim, CA, pp 731–736

  15. Robotics Technology Consortium (2013) A roadmap for US robotics: from internet to robotics. https://robotics-vo.us/sites/default/files/2013%20Robotics%20Roadmap-rs.pdf. Accessed 28 July 2016

  16. Sabattini L, Digani V, Secchi C, Cotena G, Ronzoni D, Foppoli M, Oleari F (2013) Technological roadmap to boost the introduction of agvs in industrial applications. In: Intelligent Computer Communication and Processing (ICCP), IEEE International Conference, pp 203–208

  17. Sastry S, Branicky M, Sastry P (2013) Cloud conveyors system: a versatile application for exploring cyber-physical systems. Lect Notes Control Inf Sci 449:43–62

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Stark R, Schmid J, Borger E (2001) Java and the Java virtual machine: definition, verification, validation. Springer-Verlag New York Inc, New York

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Stouten B, de Graaf AJ (2004) Cooperative transportation of a large object-development of an industrial application. In: IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Proceedings. ICRA04, vol 3, pp 2450–2455

  20. Wurman P, DAndrea R, Mountz M, (2008) Coordinating hundreds of cooperative, autonomous vehicles in warehouses. Technical report. AI Mag 29:9–19

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shivakumar Sastry.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Whalen, S., Ghosh, A. & Sastry, S. Simulating distributed and coordinated conveying systems. J Supercomput 73, 1416–1437 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-016-1828-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-016-1828-2

Keywords

Navigation