Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

High performance nanocomparator: a quantum dot cellular automata-based approach

  • Published:
The Journal of Supercomputing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) are emerging nanotechnology that offers few significant advantages like faster speed, higher circuit density, and lower power dissipation. Comparator is a fundamental and essential block in QCA logic circuit family. In this article, a single-layered and straightforward design of a QCA-based one-bit magnitude comparator has been proposed. The proposed design is 6.38%, 6.67% and ~ 10% more efficient in cell complexity, cell area and total area measurement, respectively, in comparison to prior reported designs. Furthermore, the energy dissipation of the proposed circuit has been calculated using QCADesigner-E and QCAPro tools to check the energy efficiency of the proposed circuit. The total energy dissipation of the reported magnitude comparator is 19.50 meV when measured using the QCADesigner-E tool. Similarly, according to the QCAPro tool, it has ~ 71% less energy dissipation than the existing designs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Lent CS, Tougaw PD, Porod W, Bernstein GH (1993) Quantum cellular automata. Nanotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/4/1/004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Tougaw PD, Lent CS (1996) Dynamic behavior of quantum cellular automata. J Appl Phys. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.363455

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Lent CS, Tougaw PD (1997) A device architecture for computing with quantum dots. Proc IEEE 85(4):541–557. https://doi.org/10.1109/5.573740

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Tougaw PD, Lent CS (1994) Logical devices implemented using quantum cellular automata. J Appl Phys. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.356375

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Jeon JC (2021) Designing nanotechnology qca–multiplexer using majority function-based nand for quantum computing. J Supercomput 77:1562–1578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-020-03341-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Khan A, Arya R (2021) Optimal demultiplexer unit design and energy estimation using quantum dot cellular automata. J Supercomput 77:1714–1738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-020-03320-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Wang L, Xie G (2018) Novel designs of full adder in quantum-dot cellular automata technology. J Supercomput 74:4798–4816. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-018-2481-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Heikalabad SR, Asfestani MN, Hosseinzadeh M (2018) A full adder structure without cross-wiring in quantum-dot cellular automata with energy dissipation analysis. J Supercomput 74:1994–2005. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-017-2206-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Sadeghi M, Navi K, Dolatshahi M (2020) Novel efficient full adder and full subtractor designs in quantum cellular automata. J Supercomput 76:2191–2205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-03073-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Deng F, Xie G, Zhu R, Zhang Y (2020) A matrix representation method for decoders using majority gate characteristics in quantum-dot cellular automata. J Supercomput 76:2842–2859. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-019-03084-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kamrani H, Heikalabad SR (2021) Design and implementation of multiplication algorithm in quantum-dot cellular automata with energy dissipation analysis. J Supercomput 77:5779–5805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-020-03478-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Hashemi S, Navi K (2012) New robust qca d flip flop and memory structures. Microelectron J 43(12):929–940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2012.10.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ghosh B, Gupta S, Kumari S (2012) Quantum dot cellular automata magnitude comparators. IEEE Int Conf Electron Dev Solid State Circuit 2012:1–2. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDSSC.2012.6482766

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Bahar AN, Roy K, Asaduzzaman M, Bhuiyan MMR (2017) Design and implementation of 1-bit comparator in quantum-dot cellular automata (qca). Cumhuriyet Sci J 38:146–152. https://doi.org/10.17776/csj.72358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Erniyazov S, Jeon JC (2018) Area efficient magnitude comparator based on qca. Adv Sci Technol Lett 150:75–79. https://doi.org/10.14257/astl.2018.150.19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Umira S, Qadri R, Bangi ZA, Banday MT (2018) A novel comparator-a cryptographic design in quantum dot cellular automata. In: 2018 International Conference on Sustainable Energy, Electronics, and Computing Systems (SEEMS), pp 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1109/SEEMS.2018.8687363

  17. Jun-wen L, Yin-shui X (2018) A novel design of quantum-dots cellular automata comparator using five-input majority gate. In: 2018 14th IEEE International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated Circuit Technology (ICSICT), pp. 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSICT.2018.8565804

  18. Walus K, Dysart TJ, Jullien GA, Budiman RA (2004) QCADesigner: a rapid design and simulation tool for quantum-dot cellular automata. IEEE Trans Nanotechnol 3(1):26–31. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2003.820815

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. QCADesigner-E (2017). Accessed 12 Mar 2021. [Online]. https://github.com/FSillT/QCADesigner-E

  20. Sill Torres F, Wille R, Niemann P, Drechsler R (2018) An energy-aware model for the logic synthesis of quantum-dot cellular automata. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Design Integrated Circuits Syst 37(12):3031–3041. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2018.2789782

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Srivastava S, Sarkar S, Bhanja S (2009) Estimation of upper bound of power dissipation in QCA circuits. IEEE Trans Nanotechnol 8(1):116–127. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2018.2789782

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Srivastava S, Asthana A, Bhanja S, Sarkar S (2011) QCAPro: an error-power estimation tool for QCA circuit design. IEEE Int Symp Circuits Syst 2011:2377–2380. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2011.5938081

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Timler J, Lent CS (2002) Power gain and dissipation in quantum-dot cellular automata. J Appl Phys 91(2):823–831. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1421217

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Patna, 800005, India

    Angshuman Khan & Rajeev Arya

Authors
  1. Angshuman Khan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rajeev Arya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Angshuman Khan or Rajeev Arya.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Khan, A., Arya, R. High performance nanocomparator: a quantum dot cellular automata-based approach. J Supercomput 78, 2337–2353 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-021-03961-8

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-021-03961-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation